The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia by Roger D. Woodard (PDF)

Description

This book, derived from the acclaimed Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages, describes the ancient languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia, for the convenience of students and specialists working in that area. Each chapter of the work focuses on an individual language or, in some instances, a set of closely related varieties of a language. Providing a full descriptive presentation, each of these chapters examines the writing system(s), phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon of that language, and places the language within its proper linguistic and historical context. The volume brings together an international array of scholars, each a leading specialist in ancient language study. While designed primarily for scholars and students of linguistics, this work will prove invaluable to all whose studies take them into the realm of ancient language.

User’s Reviews

Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website:

⭐From the entry in WorldCat, these “The Ancient Languages of…” books are just a chopped-up version of the “The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages” by Roger D. Woodard. I wish I could write this under all 5 or so of the entries in this series.They probably did this to make money. And it is interesting that I would not have noticed their “Encyclopdia” had they not. What scholar purchases works entitled “Encyclopedia”?Please consider, if you must buy 2 or more of these area-specific volumes, making a purchase of the entire book instead. If your library does not have one and you seek in-depth reading, it is a superb investment (given the parsity of serious academic compendiums of linguistic analysis of these various languages). But amateurs beware, it will give you exercise in unraveling its dense use of technical terms, something you are perhaps used to by now. (Also, please consider funding the study of your favorite language if you have the resources. Thanks and have fun!)

⭐This is volume five of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages, a collection of 45 entries covering in principle all languages of which sufficient recorded material is available from before 476 AD to write a meaningful entry about. All entries are of superb quality, so I’ll restrict myself to specific comments on the entries in this volume.This is to a certain extent the least exciting of the five volumes, not because of the text itself, but because the languages of the Near East are so similar; no juicy Etruscan, Hurrian, or Elamite here. The volume covers Ugaritic, Hebrew, Phoenician/Punic, Canaanite dialects, Aramaic, Ancient South Arabian, and Ancient North Arabian, all of them squarely Semitic.Ugaritic is much more conservative than Hebrew, with the three traditional Semitic cases nominative, genitive, and accusative still fully operative, and is very interesting. Although I am reasonably familiar with the subject, I had to read several explanations in this chapter twice, because they are often less than intuitive. An example (page 31): “Personal pronouns agree … with an appositional verb.” Huh? I thought the verb agreed with the personal pronoun (actually both agree with the actual person, of course).Hebrew: Since the development of Hebrew from Proto-North-west Semitic is mainly driven by vowel and stress shifts, these are treated in depth.Phoenician/Punic: The differences between Phoenician/Punic and Hebrew are minute. The few differences are specified. By the way, comparison of the Phoenician alphabet in the table in this chapter with the text on the cover of the book shows how far practice can deviate from theory.The chapter on the Canaanite languages is actually a high-level theoretical discussion of what offsets the Canaanite languages from the other Semitic languages. Not a single word of Moabite, Edomite, etc.Aramaic: All Aramaic text in this chapter is written without vowels, although in many cases the vowels are known. Somehow this gives the language a more arcane flavour than is necessary.Ancient South Arabian, spoken from the 8th century BC until the 6th century AD in and around Yemen, was written in an impressive monumental script, of letters sometimes 30 cm. high, practically without vowels. At the other extreme, thousands of wooden sticks have come to light in Yemen in the 1970s, inscribed with minuscule letters.The chapter features a very extensive and illuminating section on the syntax of Ancient South Arabian, in which quite complicated sentences are analysed. The literature references show that this is a speciality of one of the authors of the chapter.Ancient North Arabian consists of a dozen dialects, one for each oasis and then some, written in a very variable alphabet that left great freedom to the individual scribent as to letter form and writing direction: some text is written vertically or in a spiral. Tens of thousands of small texts have been found. Tables are given of how the Proto-Semitic sibilants fared in Ancient North Arabian (two dialects), and in Arabic (before and after the 9th century AD). Many verb forms in the various binyanim are known and reported here, mostly of the 3rd person.Here we finally find some hard evidence on the origin of the Hebrew determinate article `ha-‘ with gemination of the following consonant: some Ancient North Arabian dialects have `hn-‘ before aleph, ayin and chet. The author interprets this as a local development, but assimilation of the `n’ to the following consonant would explain the gemination. And this `hn-‘ could be related to Hebrew `hineh’ = this-is.Afro-Asiatic: The appendix has the title ‘Afro-Asiatic’, but after a short survey of the Afro-Asiatic languages and an even shorter (less than a page) treatment of Proto-Afro-Asiatic as a language, the chapter covers Proto-Semitic only. Much information is given about the development of the Afro-Asiatic consonants in the various daughter languages. Remarkably some Semitic languages use `mah’ for “who” and `min’ for “what”, and others use the reverse.Classical Arabic is too young to be included in this series, unfortunately.These five books are going to get prime estate in my book case!

⭐Es exactamente lo que yo quería y es perfecto para todas las personas interesadas en el tema. He comprado ya casi toda la serie de libros “The Ancient Languages”.

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⭐une excellente présentation, des chapitres détaillés, ce livre brosse le paysage linguistique d’une région troublée, l’unité refaite par les langues !

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