Probability Theory: The Logic of Science 1st Edition by E. T. Jaynes (PDF)

Description

The standard rules of probability can be interpreted as uniquely valid principles in logic. In this book, E. T. Jaynes dispels the imaginary distinction between ‘probability theory’ and ‘statistical inference’, leaving a logical unity and simplicity, which provides greater technical power and flexibility in applications. This book goes beyond the conventional mathematics of probability theory, viewing the subject in a wider context. New results are discussed, along with applications of probability theory to a wide variety of problems in physics, mathematics, economics, chemistry and biology. It contains many exercises and problems, and is suitable for use as a textbook on graduate level courses involving data analysis. The material is aimed at readers who are already familiar with applied mathematics at an advanced undergraduate level or higher. The book will be of interest to scientists working in any area where inference from incomplete information is necessary.

User’s Reviews

Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website:

⭐I have rarely learned so much from one book. This book is somewhat unusual among mathematical texts in that it is heavy on prose and (compared to other texts) light on equations. However, don’t get the idea that it is any less rigorous! It simply focuses on precisely what most math books neglect: exhaustive explanation of the concepts…and to very good effect. Jaynes (and his editor) are possibly the most articulate writers of mathematics I’ve ever read. If you can read equations like English, you may not appreciate this. The rest of us will.Summarizing the content: The book very exhaustively demonstrates how Bayesian statistical approaches subsume rather than compete with “orthodox” (sampling theory-derived) statistics. Importantly, it begins by deriving the sum and product rules (which in other texts are typically presented as axioms) from “common sense” considerations. In other words, what is usually treated as “given” in other statistics texts is shown to, in fact, depend on even more fundamental (and, thus, indisputable) considerations of what constitutes rational plausible reasoning. This places the whole endeavor of statistics on firmer ground than any other text I’ve seen. The book is worth buying for the first few chapters alone, but it just gets better from there.Jaynes goes on to link Bayes rule to information-theoretic considerations and build up probability as an extended form of logic (as the title implies). In some cases this yields a new and deeper understanding of “orthodox statistical practice.” In others it exposes (and explains) the absurdities of strictly frequentist approaches. Again, I have rarely learned so much from one book.One caveat: It does not at all require a statistics background, but, obviously, some of Jaynes (mildly polemical) discourse will, of course, be lost on you without it.

⭐One of the most important works of the 20th century (or any century) in both philosophy and physics, Jaynes’ work lays the foundation for the physical ontology and epistemology of science. This book is the completion of what amounted to a lifetime of effort on Jaynes’ part, dating back to the “Mobil Lectures” where he first laid out this approach to knowledge. It follows the world of Richard Cox, who demonstrated that Bayesian probability theory naturally follows from three simple axioms that also serve to establish the connection between evidence and plausible belief.In my opinion, this book is a required read for anyone who wishes to understand precisely how the scientific worldview is, in a mathematically defensible sense, the best possible worldview, the one that lets us optimally use evidence to develop an interlocked Bayesian network of evidence supported beliefs that can change and evolve as the evidence is accumulated. It also shows the critical connections between physics and statistical mechanics and Shannon’s theorem in computational information theory, laying the foundation for a fair bit of modern physics as it demonstrates that physical entropy and information entropy are very much one and the same thing, from a certain point of view.

⭐I haven’t finished reading this book yet, but the chapters I read so far gave me so much understanding of issues that are either obscure or absent in other probability and statistics books – but are of great practical importance – that I decided recommend it here.It is true Jaynes’ style is caustic against positions that are contrary to his owns. But he is very convincing on the reasons he gives to pinpoint the big holes in the so called “orthodox” school of probability and statistics.Besides, the book is very lengthy, without being prolix, on its explanations, making it very pedagogical. Constrasting with that, nevertheless, Jaynes sometimes proposes examples that I believe only a mathematician or physicist with specific knowledge of the subject mentioned by the author will be able to follow. But those parts do not impact understanding of the main ideas.It must be noted also that “Probaility theory: the logic of science” is mainly a theory book. Its goal is to present probability as an extension of deductive logic. It only brings a small number of exercises.The best thing about this book, at least for me, is having a style that really makes me look forward reading the next page, something very rare for a technical book. In fact, the only other book I came across that had that virtue was the “Feynman Lectures on Physics”.

⭐Very thought provoking and interesting look at the subject. It is the voice of common sense in a subject area where many people adhere to strict frequentist inference and the traditional examples. While covering these same topics, this book makes notes and gives counter examples. It focuses on the idea of information relative to uncertainty. The author thoroughly criticizes and is careful about assumptions and critical of them, unlike many other books/authors. Many results will end up the same as deriving them with Kolmogorov, but the approach will be different.Note: The author writes long paragraphs describing problems and his logical approach to them. They are very important to the core understanding of his message and ideas.I would only recommend this for graduate level work.

⭐Considering this is a weighty book about the fundamentals and history of probability theory, it is actually quite entertaining with humour, stories, an engaging style and vitriolic personal criticism (generally justified) of the people who fought hard to defend their mistaken positions by dismissing the ideas that Jaynes promoted. It can be a little over-wordy, opinionated and pompous in places, and has small sections missing because he unfortunately died before it was completed. It is however an absolute gem that rewards re-reading over an extended period of time, and will make anyone who has to deal with measuring and reasoning about uncertain systems – i.e. all scientists, engineers & economists in my opinion – think differently about what can be done as objectively as possible and how they should extract the maximum amount of information from measured data and make optimal inferences. Modern Bayesian theory is becoming the basis for solving Inverse Problems so if you are in this area then have a look.His description of probability distributions as “carriers of uncertain information about unknowns” rather than the traditional and flawed classical view of “behaviour of selected summary statistics in the limit of an infinite amount of repeated random events” (whatever that means!) is an indicator of the different perspectives.Anyone who wants to understand what probability theory actually _is_ at a fundamental level and have their mind opened up to how they can apply it in their area should have a look and strap themselves in for the ride. Highly recommended.If you want a more compact and introductory book with an applied focus and examples then I strongly recommend Sivia & Skilling:

⭐Data Analysis: A Bayesian Tutorial

⭐Classic tome.

⭐Far too many researchers are convinced they have a command of statistics and its underlying probability paradigms because they are familiar with software packages that calculate ANY statistical test they know or believe in or “the one everybody else does in my field”. Alas, that leads to sloppy data interpretation and non-insights that should be caught BEFORE the analysis begins.The logic of science in the title does not deal with history-laden aspects (scu as the emergence and replacement of paradigms) but rather what logic one adopts in natural systems where a large (statistical) noise contribution is present; in such systems, the logic of interpreting experimental outcomes and what constitutes a valid theory is far from easy and straightforward. This book is a good support in such matters.

⭐Soy científico, y nunca había entrado en la visión frecuentista de la probabilidad. Me parecían un conjunto de recetas basadas en unas hipotésis cuestionables. Este libro explica la probabilidad como una extensión de la lógica aristotélica, cuando no hay certezas absolutas. Entra en cuestiones aparentemente filosóficas sobre que base tiene la inducción. Los argumentos son claros y simples.La mayoría de casos que trata son bastante sencillos, muy tratables analíticamente. Quizás debe ser complementado con algun tratado más aplicado, pero como base de la probabilidad Bayesiana, me parece fantástico.Love the content of the book (5 stars for the content), but the delivery could have been handled nicely: the corners of the book were damaged. It seems that such cases happened more often in recent years.

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