Interconnections: Bridges, Routers, Switches, and Internetworking Protocols 2nd Edition by Radia Perlman (PDF)

Description

A text on networking theory and practice, providing information on general networking concepts, routing algorithms and protocols, addressing, and mechanics of bridges, routers, switches, and hubs. Describes all major network algorithms and protocols in use today, and explores engineering trade-offs that each different approach represents. Includes chapter homework problems and a glossary. This second edition is expanded to cover recent developments such as VLANs, Fast Ethernet, and AppleTalk. The author is a Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems, Inc., and holds some 50 patents. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

User’s Reviews

Editorial Reviews: Amazon.com Review This latest release of Interconnections is a competent update of a networking classic. Radia Perlman explains hundreds of details about getting computers–and computer networks–to talk to one another smoothly, accurately, and efficiently. Perlman, inventor of the spanning-tree bridging algorithm, covers the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model, bridges, switches, hubs, Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs), plus connection-based and connectionless networks. She also does a great job of explaining the underpinnings of internetworking protocols, including packet format, addressing, routing (both generically and in terms of RIP, RTMP, OSPF, and other protocols), and security. There’s plenty of IPv6 information here, mostly from a theoretical vantage point. The best parts of Perlman’s approach to her subject are the little thought experiments that explain why various aspects of internetworking behave the way they do. For example, Perlman talks about Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) discovery by presenting four different hypotheses for figuring out MTU. For each possible solution, she discusses strengths, weaknesses, and real-life considerations. She applies this method to dozens of other problems and phenomena, making Interconnections a very close approximation of learning by experiment. –David WallTopics covered: Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model, bridges, switches, hubs, Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs), and internetworking protocols. From the Inside Flap Interconnections, Second Edition is about what goes on inside the boxes that move data around the Internet. These boxes are variously called bridges, routers, switches, and hubs. The book also describes the devices that connect to the network. There is considerable confusion in this area. Most of the terminology is ill defined and is used in conflicting ways. The terminology and the specifications tend to be daunting. Some knowledge is spread among many different documents; much is unwritten folk wisdom. Adding to the confusion is dogma. Beliefs are accepted as truth, and questioning any of the dogma is often greeted with hostility. But good engineering demands that we understand what we’re doing and why, keep an open mind, and learn from experience. In Interconnections, Second Edition, instead of diving right into the details of one protocol, I first focus on the problems to be solved. I examine various solutions to each of these problems and discuss the engineering trade-offs involved. Then I look at a variety of solutions that have been deployed and compare the approaches. I give technical arguments for any opinions, and if you think I have missed any arguments I welcome email discussion. My email address is at the back of the book, which I hope you will find after having read the book cover to cover. In the first edition, my intention was to help people understand the problems and the general types of solutions, assuming that they would read the specifications to get the details of specific protocols. But people used the book as a reference in addition to using it to understand the issues. So in this edition I have documented many more of the protocols in detail. I believe that to understand something deeply you need to compare it to something else. The first edition was “minimalist” in that I always used only two examples: two types of bridges, bridges versus routers, connection-oriented versus connectionless network layer protocols, and two examples of connectionless protocols (CLNP and IP). In this edition I add a lot more examples, including ATM, IPv6, IPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet. I did this in part because these protocols exist, and it is hard to get information about them. But mostly I did it because the protocols embody interesting ideas that should not be lost. When we design new protocols, we should learn from previous ideas, both good and bad. Also, it takes very little additional effort, after the problem is described generically, to describe several examples. Roadmap to the Book The first four chapters are not significantly different from their counterparts in the first edition, but the rest of the book has been largely rewritten. Chapters 1 through 4 cover general networking concepts, data link issues such as addressing and multiplexing, transparent bridges and the spanning tree algorithm, and source routing bridges. Chapter 5 is completely new and explains how the notion of a switch evolved into a rediscovery of the bridge. It also covers VLANs and fast Ethernet. The remainder of the book concentrates on layer 3 (the network layer). Chapter 6 gives an overview of the network layer. Chapter 7 covers connection-oriented networks, including ATM and X.25. Chapter 8 discusses the issues in a generic connectionless network layer. Chapter 9 covers layer 3 addressing generically and gives a detailed comparison of IP, IPv6, CLNP, DECnet, AppleTalk, and IPX. Chapter 10 covers the information that should appear in a network layer header and contrasts the headers of several protocols. Chapter 11 covers autoconfiguration and neighbor discovery, including protocols such as ARP and DHCP. Chapter 12 covers routing algorithms generically. Chapter 13 discusses the problem of doing longest-prefix matching, which is required in order to forward IP packets quickly. Chapter 14 discusses the specifics of various routing protocols including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, PNNI, NLSP, and BGP. Chapter 15 covers network layer multicast. Chapter 16 explains how to design a network that is invulnerable to sabotage, an idea whose time may come. The final two chapters summarize the book, and I hope they will be mostly light and entertaining reading. Chapter 17 probes the mystery of what, if anything, distinguishes a router from a bridge. Chapter 18 attempts to capture folk wisdom about how to design a protocol. Finally, there is an extensive glossary. I try to define terms when I first use them, but if I ever fail to do that, you will probably find them in the glossary. Acknowledgments Writing this section is scary because I am afraid I will leave people out. I’d like to thank the people who reviewed all or part of the book: Peter Memishian, Paul Koning, Tony Lauck, Craig Partridge, Dan Pitt, Brian Kernighan, Paul Bottorff, Joel Halpern, Charlie Kaufman, Mike Speciner, Andy Tanenbaum, Phil Rosenzweig, Dan Senie, William Welch, Craig Labovitz, Chase Bailey, George Varghese, and Suchi Raman. Other people who have been helpful by answering questions are Ariel Hendel, Rich Kubota, Stuart Cheshire, Tom Maufer, Steve Deering, and John Moy. The first time I sent an email question in the middle of the night (when I did most of my work on this book) to Craig Partridge, the co-series editor for this book, the beep indicating incoming mail happened so immediately that I assumed it was an automatic mail responder informing me he was on vacation. But it was an answer to my question. I assume he doesn’t have an automatic mail responder so clever that it can answer technical questions, so I thank him for being so prompt and available. Brian Kernighan, the other series editor, also had detailed and helpful comments on the entire book. The people at Addison-Wesley have been amazingly patient with me for the many years in which I’ve been working on this edition. I’m not sure they had any alternative besides patience, but it was nice that they believed I’d finish even when I wasn’t so sure. So thank you to Mary Hart, Karen Gettman, Jacquelyn Doucette, and Jason Jones. And I’d also like to thank my copy editor, Betsy Hardinger. She of all people will have read every word of the book, while maintaining the concentration to note inconsistencies and ways of removing excess words here and there. I know it’s her job, but I’m still impressed. Mike Speciner helped me figure out the mysteries of Framemaker. Ray Perlner made sure that I maintained some humor in the book and watched over my shoulder while I typed the last chapter to see that I had enough funny bad real-life protocols. Dawn Perlner has been terrifically supportive, convincing her friends and even strangers in bookstores to buy my books. She used to be my child. Now she’s a wonderful friend.0201634481P04062001 From the Back Cover Radia Perlman’s Interconnections is recognized as a leading text on networking theory and practice. It provides authoritative and comprehensive information on general networking concepts, routing algorithms and protocols, addressing, and the mechanics of bridges, routers, switches, and hubs. This Second Edition is expanded and updated to cover the newest developments in the field, including advances in switching and bridge technology, VLANs, Fast Ethernet, DHCP, ATM, and IPv6. Additional new topics include IPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet. You will gain a deeper understanding of the range of solutions possible and find valuable information on protocols for which documentation is not readily available elsewhere. Written by the inventor of many of the algorithms that make switching and routing robust and efficient, Interconnections, Second Edition offers an expert’s insight into how and why networks operate as they do. Perlman describes all of the major networking algorithms and protocols in use today in clear and concise terms, while exploring the engineering trade-offs that the different approaches represent. The book contains extensive coverage of such topics as: The spanning tree algorithm The differences between bridges, routers, and switches Virtual LANs (VLANs) and Fast Ethernet Addressing and packet formats for IP, IPv6, IPX, CLNP, AppleTalk, and DECnet Autoconfiguration of addresses; strategies in various protocol suites Routing protocols, including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, PNNI, NLSP, and BGP Layer 3 multicast protocols, including IGMP, DVMRP, MOSPF, CBT, PIM, BGMP, Simple Multicast, and Express Sabotage-proof routing Protocol design folklore 0201634481B04062001 About the Author Radia Perlman’s work has had a profound impact on the field of networking. She was recently featured in the 25th anniversary edition of Data Communications magazine as one of the 25 people whose work has most influenced the industry. She is the creator of the spanning tree algorithm upon which bridges (switches) are based, and the algorithms that allow robust and efficient link state routing, upon which all modern link state routing protocols (such as IS-IS, OSPF, and PNNI) are based. Radia designed IS-IS, Simple Multicast, and sabotage-proof routing. She is also co-author of Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World. Both of her books were listed in the top 10 most useful networking reference books in the March, 1988 issue of Network Magazine. She is currently a Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems, Inc. She holds about 50 patents and a Ph.D. from M.I.T. 0201634481AB04062001 Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. Interconnections, Second Edition is about what goes on inside the boxes that move data around the Internet. These boxes are variously called bridges, routers, switches, and hubs. The book also describes the devices that connect to the network. There is considerable confusion in this area. Most of the terminology is ill defined and is used in conflicting ways. The terminology and the specifications tend to be daunting. Some knowledge is spread among many different documents; much is unwritten folk wisdom. Adding to the confusion is dogma. Beliefs are accepted as truth, and questioning any of the dogma is often greeted with hostility. But good engineering demands that we understand what we’re doing and why, keep an open mind, and learn from experience. In Interconnections, Second Edition, instead of diving right into the details of one protocol, I first focus on the problems to be solved. I examine various solutions to each of these problems and discuss the engineering trade-offs involved. Then I look at a variety of solutions that have been deployed and compare the approaches. I give technical arguments for any opinions, and if you think I have missed any arguments I welcome email discussion. My email address is at the back of the book, which I hope you will find after having read the book cover to cover. In the first edition, my intention was to help people understand the problems and the general types of solutions, assuming that they would read the specifications to get the details of specific protocols. But people used the book as a reference in addition to using it to understand the issues. So in this edition I have documented many more of the protocols in detail. I believe that to understand something deeply you need to compare it to something else. The first edition was “minimalist” in that I always used only two examples: two types of bridges, bridges versus routers, connection-oriented versus connectionless network layer protocols, and two examples of connectionless protocols (CLNP and IP). In this edition I add a lot more examples, including ATM, IPv6, IPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet. I did this in part because these protocols exist, and it is hard to get information about them. But mostly I did it because the protocols embody interesting ideas that should not be lost. When we design new protocols, we should learn from previous ideas, both good and bad. Also, it takes very little additional effort, after the problem is described generically, to describe several examples. Roadmap to the Book The first four chapters are not significantly different from their counterparts in the first edition, but the rest of the book has been largely rewritten. Chapters 1 through 4 cover general networking concepts, data link issues such as addressing and multiplexing, transparent bridges and the spanning tree algorithm, and source routing bridges. Chapter 5 is completely new and explains how the notion of a switch evolved into a rediscovery of the bridge. It also covers VLANs and fast Ethernet. The remainder of the book concentrates on layer 3 (the network layer). Chapter 6 gives an overview of the network layer. Chapter 7 covers connection-oriented networks, including ATM and X.25. Chapter 8 discusses the issues in a generic connectionless network layer. Chapter 9 covers layer 3 addressing generically and gives a detailed comparison of IP, IPv6, CLNP, DECnet, AppleTalk, and IPX. Chapter 10 covers the information that should appear in a network layer header and contrasts the headers of several protocols. Chapter 11 covers autoconfiguration and neighbor discovery, including protocols such as ARP and DHCP. Chapter 12 covers routing algorithms generically. Chapter 13 discusses the problem of doing longest-prefix matching, which is required in order to forward IP packets quickly. Chapter 14 discusses the specifics of various routing protocols including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, PNNI, NLSP, and BGP. Chapter 15 covers network layer multicast. Chapter 16 explains how to design a network that is invulnerable to sabotage, an idea whose time may come. The final two chapters summarize the book, and I hope they will be mostly light and entertaining reading. Chapter 17 probes the mystery of what, if anything, distinguishes a router from a bridge. Chapter 18 attempts to capture folk wisdom about how to design a protocol. Finally, there is an extensive glossary. I try to define terms when I first use them, but if I ever fail to do that, you will probably find them in the glossary. Acknowledgments Writing this section is scary because I am afraid I will leave people out. I’d like to thank the people who reviewed all or part of the book: Peter Memishian, Paul Koning, Tony Lauck, Craig Partridge, Dan Pitt, Brian Kernighan, Paul Bottorff, Joel Halpern, Charlie Kaufman, Mike Speciner, Andy Tanenbaum, Phil Rosenzweig, Dan Senie, William Welch, Craig Labovitz, Chase Bailey, George Varghese, and Suchi Raman. Other people who have been helpful by answering questions are Ariel Hendel, Rich Kubota, Stuart Cheshire, Tom Maufer, Steve Deering, and John Moy. The first time I sent an email question in the middle of the night (when I did most of my work on this book) to Craig Partridge, the co-series editor for this book, the beep indicating incoming mail happened so immediately that I assumed it was an automatic mail responder informing me he was on vacation. But it was an answer to my question. I assume he doesn’t have an automatic mail responder so clever that it can answer technical questions, so I thank him for being so prompt and available. Brian Kernighan, the other series editor, also had detailed and helpful comments on the entire book. The people at Addison-Wesley have been amazingly patient with me for the many years in which I’ve been working on this edition. I’m not sure they had any alternative besides patience, but it was nice that they believed I’d finish even when I wasn’t so sure. So thank you to Mary Hart, Karen Gettman, Jacquelyn Doucette, and Jason Jones. And I’d also like to thank my copy editor, Betsy Hardinger. She of all people will have read every word of the book, while maintaining the concentration to note inconsistencies and ways of removing excess words here and there. I know it’s her job, but I’m still impressed. Mike Speciner helped me figure out the mysteries of Framemaker. Ray Perlner made sure that I maintained some humor in the book and watched over my shoulder while I typed the last chapter to see that I had enough funny bad real-life protocols. Dawn Perlner has been terrifically supportive, convincing her friends and even strangers in bookstores to buy my books. She used to be my child. Now she’s a wonderful friend. Read more

Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website:

⭐This book provides a thorough, easy-to-read introduction to the fundamentals of networking. The text starts with the simplest possible network and builds upon it until all the basic features of modern networks have been introduced. This book won’t tell you which buttons to push to set up a particular switch or router, but it will help you understand how any piece of networking equipment or software actually works, which is a huge help with troubleshooting. It also includes material on the more theoretical aspects of networking, such as a derivation of the spanning-tree algorithm. I skipped those chapters, since I am content to use the algorithms built into modern networking equipment.My only critique of “Interconnections” is that the terminology is outdated, which makes it hard to map some of the concepts to the networking gear that’s currently in use. For example, the book spends a lot of time explaining “bridges,” but I have never seen a box called a “bridge” (this functionality is incorporated into modern switches.) Don’t let that discourage you from buying this book-just be aware that you will need to supplement it with more recent material.

⭐While this book was originally published when the general public often hadn’t heard of it, never mind had access to it, the concepts in this book are – if anything – painfully overlooked by many network administrators and managers.My first reading of this was difficult – as someone who was new to the protocols and mechanism it discusses, it was “one page forward, three pages back”, for many pages – but each page builds only upon information that’s been provided earlier, so it’s just a matter of re-reading that earlier part until the concept makes sense.If you are responsible for designing or maintaining large, complex data networks, I assure you that the mental effort required to grasp the concepts in here will give you the ability to spot (and prevent) issues that can manifest themselves ways that are almost impossible to isolate, because the problem is at the very basic fabric of the network, which is rarely given the consideration it requires.

⭐This book is, well, alright. I think its one you should have on your shelf and read for the CCIE prep; however, only use it as a cross reference against your Cisco Press study material and the TCP/IP illustrated Vol II book.This book was written in 1999 and anyone in networking very well knows networking technology today is incredibly different. In 1999 I still saw FDDI, Token Ring, 10Mbps, shared coaxial cable, and Novell NetWare on computers! Heck, in 1999 it was once thought possible you couldn’t saturate a T-1 line; thus, times have changed and this book just never kept up. However, it is still on the INE recommended reading list so I believe this is why the book continuously is sold but I think its fair to say the book has some excellent foundational knowledge for those who need it and for the rest of us, its kind of a distraction.

⭐Radia Perlman, author of this book, is one of these great people who pioneered the technology which we today know as the Internet. Her book no doubt should be one of the best in the industry to understand this technology, and so it is. She is also famous for inventing the spanning tree protocol, on which today switches work in almost all major networks. She is an authority on the Internet technology and this makes her book an all time best book, both for reference purposes and for learning purposes.Anybody who wants to learn more about how the Internet works or networks work, this book is a must have.This is one of these books which never get old. As a professional in the TCP/IP industry, I know that best material on this subject was published in 90s and is still used for reference. And this book is still newer.

⭐This is a great book for those interested in the details of networks, particularly in comparisons of different protocols, and the different approaches they take to networking problems. The author’s style is more familiar than most technical books and she freely gives her opinions of how the protocols came about and the pros and cons of design decisions. Pesonally, I like that style, but not all do. Well worth reading and having in your reference library. Don’t buy this, though, unless you already know things like the difference between IP and Ethernet addresses and terms like network layer and link layer.

⭐Perfect book for anyone that wants an indepth look into Network switches, routers, and bridges. The book goes further in the explanation of the OSI model. This book is not for the hobiest that wants to set up a router. Any IT person that wants to know the nuts and bolts of the backbone this is the answer.

⭐Having read some of the other reviews, especially the ones on the front page (e.g. “fundamentals”, “introduction”, “easy to read”) , I expected an introductory level book written for someone interested in learning more about the basics of routers, switches and protocols. I was looking for something written for a novice with experience simply managing a basic LAN at home. This is not a review on the quality of the book, but a warning to others about what to expect.

⭐This is the gold standard for learning about layer 2 and layer 3 in the deepest of detail. Switching and Routing are the backbone of knowledge upon which to reader can build expertise as a network engineer or administrator. Perlman’s text is a keeper on your shelf.

⭐The author clearly knows her stuff and goes into great detail. I bought this book to support my CCIE R&S studies. I feel the book is a bit dated but should still make good foundation reading. Some of the sections should be skim read as it is slightly irrelevant these days. The author explains things at times from a mathematics perspectives with reference to nth terms, p, q x, y which can make reading very tiresome. Overall a book that should not be overlooked, as it creates a good foundation.

⭐It is unusual to find a book on this subject written by a woman but Radia Perlman has done an excellent job of explaining how routers, switches, bridges and other interconnecting devices work. Most people who have broadband at home will have encountered or own either a router or a modem. Often the router also contains an integral switch although switches can be obtained as a separate device. This book describes the basic functions of these devices and it goes further by describing the protocols used by these devices to work with other devices in a network, regardless of the size of the network.Make no mistake, this book is not for novices and a basic familiarity with the different types of networking devices is assumed.I own a Billion Bipac 7800N router which has proven utterly reliable. However, the 7800N is a professional and highly complex piece of networking equipment with a host of features as long as my arm. For home networking and broadband use I am only using a small subset of its extensive feature list. For the most part I can forget about the other features. I have tried to get to grips with Billion’s own instruction manual for the 7800N and it is heavy going even for someone with my telecommunications background. What I needed was a reference document that explained all I needed to know in order to have a chance of understanding the Billion instruction manual. I have found the ‘Interconnections: Bridges and Routers (APC)’ book a much easier read and hopefully it will help me bridge the gap in my understanding so that I may make better use of my router and consequently its unused features.As mentioned above, this is a book for experienced users and telecommunications professionals alike and whilst it may be of interest to novices, I feel they would be better advised to look at some of the Cisco networking instruction books which make more use of cartoons and simple diagrams to illustrate some quite sophisticated concepts. If these can be understood, the diagrams in ‘Interconnections: Bridges and Routers (APC)’ enable to reader to take the next step in understanding how networks and their interconnections work.

⭐Jemand, der etwas kompliziertes, einfach erklären kann ist gut. Jemand, der einer der wichtigsten Algorithmen in der Netzwerktechnik erfindet und in Form eines Gedichtes beschreiben kann ist Genial! Radio Perlman beschreibt in diesem Buch wichtige Algorithmen und Protokolle auf eine Art die einfach der Hammer ist.The author is THE subject expert but starts with the assumption that the reader is not. Extremely well written with even some humor thrown in to keep the readers attention. It’s easy to jump ahead to sections of interest without having to completely digest the previous material (so great reference book).

⭐Ottimo libro, arrivato con un pacco adeguato e nei tempi previsti. Il libro è ottimo per chi approccia alle reti di telecomunicazioni

⭐

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