Mindset – Updated Edition: Changing The Way You think To Fulfil Your Potential 6th Edition by Carol S. Dweck (PDF)

Description

World-renowned Stanford University psychologist Carol Dweck, in decades of research on achievement and success, has discovered a truly groundbreaking idea-the power of our mindset.Dweck explains why it’s not just our abilities and talent that bring us success-but whether we approach them with a fixed or growth mindset. She makes clear why praising intelligence and ability doesn’t foster self-esteem and lead to accomplishment, but may actually jeopardize success. With the right mindset, we can motivate our kids and help them to raise their grades, as well as reach our own goals-personal and professional. Dweck reveals what all great parents, teachers, CEOs, and athletes already know: how a simple idea about the brain can create a love of learning and a resilience that is the basis of great accomplishment in every area.

User’s Reviews

Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website:

⭐Mindset is another book in the seemingly endless production line of self help Psychology books available. Amazon recommended it to me based on my past purchases, and I decided to give it a try. I can honestly say that this book was eye opening for me. It’s based on the premise that there are two mindsets present in all human beings: The Fixed Mindset and The Growth Mindset. People with the fixed mindset, according to the author, are people who would rather not challenge themselves because it may reveal to them any inadequacy or weakness in their skill level or knowledge base. Conversely, people who possess the growth mindset are people who, regardless if they fail, crave the opportunity to better themselves even if it means admitting that they do not know as much as they thought they did in a particular subject or discipline. The author also dispels the myth of intelligence and natural talent, bringing to light the evidence-based realization that intelligence can be nurtured and cultivated through study and constant, unremitting learning. One’s learning ability, or intelligence, much like the brain itself, is indeed malleable. Fascinating stuff. By the way, another book in the same vein as this one is “Talent is Overrated” by Geoff Colvin. I may have reviewed it a year or two ago – I will have to check the archives of my blog.Halfway through the book I realized that I possessed traits and elements from both the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. I’m a lifelong learner, there’s no question about that. I’m ridiculed by most of my peers and friends for always reading and trying to learn more, but it’s who I am and who I’ve always been, unbeknownst to some. That being said, however, I can remember many times in my life when I was afraid to challenge myself because I felt like it would reveal weaknesses in my knowledge or skill. When I was younger, I used to abhor criticism; I felt like if someone criticized me it was a direct attack on who I was, so I’d respond by becoming defensive. Granted, most people will criticize you just to make themselves feel better or to put you down because they see you’re actually trying to do something; but if someone is more skilled than you are in something and he or she offers some constructive criticism, you should pay attention because that’s an invaluable tool for growth. I’ve learned that over the years without question. When I first started studying Karate (I was probably 11 or 12 years old), I was so full of passion for it. I used to go to my classes with a zest and zeal that rivaled the most enthusiastic of students, but I quickly realized, even though I thought I was a natural, that I had a lot of work to do before I could even consider myself a real student of the martial arts. At first I refused to accept that I wasn’t as strong or as fast as I thought I was. I was stuck in the fixed mindset. I knew I was good at throwing kicks and punches because I taught myself how to fight. I didn’t want to hear anything anyone else had to say. Eventually I learned the hard way that I would have to acquiesce to the instruction of my teachers, but the fixed mindset plagued me for many more years. It wasn’t until I met my Jujitsu instructor about 5-6 years ago that I finally broke the fixed mindset outlook when it came to the martial arts. I was put on my back, painfully, over and over again by my instructor and learned, seemingly for the first time, about “emptying my cup” as the saying goes. I had to unlearn about 15 years of martial arts training and absorb, as a beginner, the teachings of my Jujitsu instructor. Let’s just say ice became my best friend.My fixed mindset even found its way into my guitar studies. I was always a decent guitar player, I guess, but I didn’t start growing as a guitarist until I met someone who shattered my view of my skill level while working at my last job. This guy was the most skilled guitarist I had ever met, and I was humbled by his expertise. I’m still no way near his level of guitar playing, but because of the little time I spent with him I am a much better guitarist than before I met him. It was after meeting this person that I decided to start playing with people who were substantially better than I was. I sought out guitarists all over the place and asked to learn from them. I’d walk around Union Square in the city listening to the other musicians; I’d pay real attention to what they were playing and how they were playing it. I’d walk up to a few guitarists who I thought played beautifully and pick their brains. Some were eager to teach and some didn’t want to be bothered. All in all, I became good friends with two of the guitarists I met. They still reach out to me and teach me technique and theory, and, when I can, I continue my own independent music study. Growth mindset in action.I’ve been sending a lot of my short fiction to professional, established writer friends of mine so that they can criticize and guide me in the hopes that I can be a better writer. A few weeks ago I sent one of my short stories to a writer I work with, and I asked him to be brutal. He read my story and sent me some feedback. I felt like when I was a little kid in school and one of my teachers gave me back one of my writing assignments adorned with her red markings. “Redundant!” “Comma here!” “Be more concise!” “Verb-subject agreement!” Good times. Anyway, my colleague gave me some useful advice and I immediately incorporated his suggestions into some of the stories I’ve already written. Consequently, I have also asked my uncle, who is an award-winning apologetics writer, to advise me and critique my writing. He’s been generous with his time and constructive with his advice. I will keep badgering him with grammar and syntax questions until he disowns me. It’s a price I’m willing to pay.So, back to the book. There is a lot of truth in this book, and I’m probably going to read it again soon. At the end of the book there is a chart that outlines the fixed mindset pathway of thinking versus the growth mindset pathway of thinking. It briefly outlines what someone with each mindset would do, or how they would think, given a circumstance. I have printed this chart out and I keep it hanging on my wall in my room so that I can look at it every day. I still have some fixed mindset elements that seem to permeate my thinking, but I’m more cognizant about them now. I’m working toward becoming a fully growth mindset focused person. I’m a work in progress, like most people, so bear with me.There are a lot of case studies of some great people in this book – Famous athletes, Actors, Politicians, Musicians, Teachers, Coaches – and each case study lends more credence to the author’s message: The Growth Mindset will help you achieve whatever it is you want to achieve. It’s a great book, and I recommend it to anyone struggling with honing his or her skills in anything. The author discusses how the fixed mindset and growth mindset is evident in every facet of life. Whether it is in parenting – how some parents instill a belief in their children that they are geniuses, and these children refuse to grow because they think there is no more growing to be done – or in our professional lives – how to learn from and adapt to unethical and dishonest colleagues (something I live with).

⭐I honestly wish that this was one of the books that I started with earlier. I got this recommendation from Tom Bilyeu in Impact Theory University and it really is the foundation of anyone who wants to do something great with their life. When I start a business and start hiring people for it the books that I would want for them to be familiar with is this and Extreme Ownership by Jocko Willink. And honestly I wouldn’t hire anyone who doesn’t believe in and practice the growth mindset. This is the new standard for any business that wants to thrive. Any business that starts out without this kind of mindset will not survive in the long run. This is the new norm.

⭐Carol Dweck’s work Self-Theories. She has written another book, written for a more general, less academic readership called Mindsets, in which she applies the entity/incremental construct to a broad range of domains: business, interpersonal relationships, etc. I’ve read both. In Self-Theories Dweck’s target are academic or educational contexts in which she argues that the difference in academic performance can plausibly be explained by distinguishing between two conceptions of ability, the entity theory and the incremental theory. According to the incremental spin, the abilities you possess are of a certain quantity which is FIXED (for all time) and therefore unalterable; which is to say your abilities cannot really be altered or changed; they are not really responsive to EFFORT. On the incremental view, abilities you possess are not FIXED and ARE RESPONSIVE TO EFFORT over time. One huge payoff, which Dweck points out frequently, is that in voluntarily adopting an incremental view of ability, you put yourself in a position to be FAR less vulnerable to self-blame, helplessness patterns, and self-despair in the event of failure, which can futher undermine your ability to execute your abilities. People of a more perfectionistic turn of mind have MUCH to gain by adopting a incremental spin on ability for the reasons just mentioned. “An ability is only as good as its execution”–Bandura.Dwecke’s an exceptionally lucid writer, and even her more academic work, “Self-Theories” is not written in academese but in language so clear and informal, you almost begin to wonder whether this is a professor in psychology at Columbia University. She’s that good, at least I think so. (Bandura’s prose is also clear, and conceptually rigorous, but his prose bears an elegant conciseness or compactness of insight, which would not incline me to describe as informal. But I digress. Long story short, the answer to your question is, I think, ‘yes’, Dweck’s work is closely related to Bandura’s.I’m not sure if Dweck’s work should be seen as “derived” from Bandura’s, however. Dweck draws three key distinctions:a) between learning goals and performance goals,b) between helplessness pattern and task-orientednessc) between incremental and entity theory of abilityDweck’s claim is this: People who hold an entity view of their abilities TEND to also to be people who adopt performance goals over learning goals. A performance goals is one which is more concerned about “looking or appearing smart” than in taking steps to insure greater informedness at the cost of looking stupid or uninformed. Thus, adopting a performance goal is AT CROSS PURPOSES with a learning goal. Second, entitiy theorists, when persuaded of their own failure, have MUCH REASON TO DESPAIR over their failed performances because performance failure (for them) JUST IS a demonstration of the fact that they do not possess (and what’s more NEVER can possess) the capacities required to succeed; for they believe that their abilities are FIXED structures inhering in them which are not alterable by effort. Knowing this, you’d expect that, prior to performance, entity theorists SHOULD FEEL GREAT anxiety about their future performances and ABOUT THE THREAT OF FAILURE AND WHAT IT IS DIAGNOSTIC OF. Failure is a PERMANENT DIAGNOSIS for which NATURE HOLDS NO APPELLATE COURT. If you fail at math once, twice. You’re a math idiot. If you fail at a relationship; you’re no good at love and romance. Period. The awareness of these prospects can’t help intrude on one’s performances, and keep on from doing anything which could be contrued (in your eyes) as failure, even if that means that, in the short term, you have to admit incompetence or admit nonknowledge in a subject matter, or nonunderstanding. And this is self-defeating. The situation is according to Dweck much different for those people who hold an incremental theory about ability. For these people, failure is not diagnostic of something – a wanted capability to produce desired effects in a cared-about domain of human life – which they can’t EVER possess; no, failure doesn’t MEAN (for them) that whatever it is in people taht allows them to produce exceptional EFFECTS in the world, in any cared-about domain of performance–that thing, call it an “ability”–is something whose possess and “size” or quantiy or magnitude is something over which you can exercise some control over and the way you can do this is through EFFORT. The entity theorist does not see personal exertion as diagnostic of LOW ability; she sees it as the MEANS to ACQUIRE greater capabilities, a means to enhance her personal causation. By contrast, the entity theorist views exertion as diagnistic of Low ability; like a doctor who sees a patient and says “Those spots mean measles,” the entity theorist views exceptional effort to mean “low ability.”Bandura’s view (in SE) is, similar to Dwecks, in that he thinks that it is functionally optimal to view abilities as developmentally responsive to effort. Abilities ARE things one possesses – powers one can personally exericise to produce desired effects in the environment – but for learners it is self-limiting to think of abilities as innate or in-born capabilities rather than as things which can be obtained though “acquireable means” and guided mastery. Bandura’s general approach to learning seems to be that complex or difficult performances can be decomposed into simpler tasks; learners can learn and gain competence at the simpler tasks (increasing perceived self-efficacy incrementally as they go), then, once actually in possesion of those simpler skills, move on to tackle more difficult tasks, and so on until they actually possess the skills to perform the complex performances. This is what goes on in med schools, trade schools, most all graduate schools. On B’s view, abilities are entities you possess, but the trick is to incrementalize your ACQUISITION OF THEM, using your skills acquired at lower and medium levels to boot youself up to higher levels. But of course, this means your conception of your ability has to be adequate to get you to the highest level of performance, or you have to locate the means and strategies which will elevate your performances to higher levels, and once these are identified you have to acquire them. And acquiring competency in the simpler tasks, lower skills, are, so far as I can tell from SE, the means to acquiring the skills to perform at higher levels; which is as much to say they are the means to acquiring greater abilities.

⭐I have always considered myself an open-minded person, fully able to embrace challenges and subsequent growth. That is, until I read this book. It made me realize that I have more of a fixed mindset than I thought. It was eye-opening, and I learned a lot about myself while reading this book.I’m a fitness coach, and I work with all different personality types. I will gift this book to my clients in an effort to help them see where they are stuck in a fixed mindset, which is ultimately what prevents them from achieving their goals. I call books like this “project books.” You can’t just blow through it quickly, you need to take notes, talk about what you’re learning with others and apply the information immediately. That’s how you make real changes in your life.I dropped a star because it went on too long about raising kids and how teachers can better educate their students. That was simply a personal issue with the book. Obviously a teacher or a parent will greatly benefit from that information. I wish there was more of an emphasis put on other types of growth, but this is a wonderful book and most definitely worth your time.

⭐Useful effort allows for learning and growth. Making effort useful requires a willingness to look at process and change what isn’t working. Failure is a way of understanding that the effort wasn’t useful and a tool to speed future progress.This book has salient information for everyone but the delivery is so laboured, it’s easy to miss. You can get the gist by reading the summary at the end of each chapter and speeding through the final chapter (8), skipping around 75%.Definitely buy this book if:* you like your information delivered slowly in a narrative form and repeated* you have a big interest in US sports* you find social proof persuasive or motivating.”How to Fail at Everything and Still Win Big” by Scott Adams would be a suitable replacement and is a much better investment of time.

⭐Repetitive to the point of exhaustion.Felt more like an attempt at brainwash than anything really interesting.I will save you all the money and tell you the final conclusion:People can continue to learn and get smarter.IQ is not a fixed thing and can constantly be improved by anyone. Anyone who believes otherwise or that they are special are in a “fixed mindset”.Anyone who believes they can improve their intelligence/skills/knowledge is in a “growth mindset”.Growth mindset is better than fixed mindset.

⭐Not only did it help me transform how I approach thinking about problems in a transformatively more positive way, it’s also enabled me to clearly identify how significant others throughout my life (parents, teachers, bosses, colleagues, friends) think (fixed or growth mindset), which has helped me find peace with the way they judge(d) me. This has helped me shift out of feeling responsible for the way I’ve been judged and I’ve already shed lots of negative beliefs I held about myself either as a result of the way others spoke to me, or the way in which I spoke to myself with negative self-talk. It’s repetitive, which annoys some people, but get this book and read it anyway. You can always take a break from it and dive back in later, you won’t be sorry.

⭐Every now and again you come across a book that is not just interesting, informative, insightful or educational, and not just changes the way you think, but changes the way you see the world. Mindset takes you through a journey of the differences between a “growth mindeset” and “fixed mindeset” what that means and how you can make a difference. Or try and make a difference. In your work life, your personal life, how you deal with colleagues, your friends, family and your children. This book is not a “tickbox” or a “top ten things you need to do” and the reason for this, is that the change has to come from within you. This book purley is a catalyst to empower you to make that change. I’ve purchased a copy for all my friends for Christmas.

⭐A trusted friend told me this book changed her life, so I was excited about reading it. What powerful advice did the author have for me? Turns out, not much.The central premise of the book is a statement of the obvious: You can get better at anything you like; it just requires effort, effective strategies and learning from setbacks. People who do this often out-perform people who have greater innate ability but do not apply effort, go through the motions and blame setbacks on others.That’s it. The rest of the book is endless US-centric sporting anecdotes, written in the glib style of a 300-page LinkedIn post. Some parts really made me cringe: “The growth mindset gave me a mother”; “Parents who send fixed-mindset messages are like France, and parents who send growth-mindset messages are like Italy”; “If we do not learn and work hard, we will take an Icarian flight to nowhere” (the latter supposedly uttered by a four-year-old boy with a STRONG growth mindset).My recommendation would be to read a one-page summary of this book online, then spend the time you would have spent reading the book studying “Learning to Learn” on Coursera, which provides much more insightful and practical advice about getting better at things in (dare I say it?) a growth-minded way.

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