
Ebook Info
- Published: 2010
- Number of pages: 576 pages
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- File Size: 3.53 MB
- Authors: A. Zee
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A fully updated edition of the classic text by acclaimed physicist A. ZeeSince it was first published, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell has quickly established itself as the most accessible and comprehensive introduction to this profound and deeply fascinating area of theoretical physics. Now in this fully revised and expanded edition, A. Zee covers the latest advances while providing a solid conceptual foundation for students to build on, making this the most up-to-date and modern textbook on quantum field theory available.This expanded edition features several additional chapters, as well as an entirely new section describing recent developments in quantum field theory such as gravitational waves, the helicity spinor formalism, on-shell gluon scattering, recursion relations for amplitudes with complex momenta, and the hidden connection between Yang-Mills theory and Einstein gravity. Zee also provides added exercises, explanations, and examples, as well as detailed appendices, solutions to selected exercises, and suggestions for further reading.The most accessible and comprehensive introductory textbook availableFeatures a fully revised, updated, and expanded textCovers the latest exciting advances in the fieldIncludes new exercisesOffers a one-of-a-kind resource for students and researchers Leading universities that have adopted this book include:Arizona State UniversityBoston UniversityBrandeis UniversityBrown UniversityCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCarnegie MellonCollege of William & MaryCornellHarvard UniversityMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyNorthwestern UniversityOhio State UniversityPrinceton UniversityPurdue University – Main CampusRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteRutgers University – New BrunswickStanford UniversityUniversity of California – BerkeleyUniversity of Central FloridaUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of MichiganUniversity of MontrealUniversity of Notre DameVanderbilt UniversityVirginia Tech University
User’s Reviews
Editorial Reviews: Review “Every theoretical physicist and every university library should own this book.” ― Choice”This is quantum field theory taught at the knee of . . . one who loves the grandeur of his subject, has a keen eye for a slick argument, and is eager to share his repertoire of anecdotes about Feynman, Fermi, and all of his heroes. . . . Zee misses no opportunity to point out that an argument he gives opens the door to some deeper subject that he encourages the reader to explore. . . . [Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell] helps them love the subject and race to its frontier.”—Michael E. Peskin, Classical and Quantum Gravity”[T]his is an excellent and unique introduction to quantum field theory. It takes a lot of work, and capable but less confident students would need a great deal of guidance, but it is a beautiful text written with infectious enthusiasm, and I thoroughly recommend it.”—S. Virmani, Contemporary Physics”[This] is an excellent invitation to the wide area of modern quantum field theory, and even provides the mature field theoretician with interesting insights and connections. To the curious student, it is a near-perfect companion to spice up the world of quantum field theory, especially particle physics, beyond the standard presentations. . . . It is definitely highly recommendable to anyone who wants to have a book with a non-standard view on quantum field theory, or who just wants to have an entertaining and insightful reprise of the topic.”—Axel Maas, Mathematical Reviews Clippings Review “A beautiful exposition of the way modern field theorists think about quantum field theory, packed with insights and physical intuition. Zee’s book should be required reading for every serious student of the subject.”―Nima Arkani-Hamed, Institute for Advanced Study From the Back Cover “A beautiful exposition of the way modern field theorists think about quantum field theory, packed with insights and physical intuition. Zee’s book should be required reading for every serious student of the subject.”–Nima Arkani-Hamed, Institute for Advanced Study About the Author A. Zee is professor of physics and a permanent member of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His books include Fearful Symmetry: The Search for Beauty in Modern Physics (Princeton). Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. Quantum Field Theory in a NutshellBy A. ZeePRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESSCopyright © 2010 Princeton University PressAll right reserved.ISBN: 978-0-691-14034-6ContentsPreface to the First Edition……………………………………………………………………………….xvPreface to the Second Edition………………………………………………………………………………xixConvention, Notation, and Units…………………………………………………………………………….xxvI.1 Who Needs It?………………………………………………………………………………………3I.2 Path Integral Formulation of Quantum Physics…………………………………………………………..7I.3 From Mattress to Field………………………………………………………………………………17I.4 From Field to Particle to Force………………………………………………………………………26I.5 Coulomb and Newton: Repulsion and Attraction…………………………………………………………..32I.6 Inverse Square Law and the Floating 3-Brane……………………………………………………………40I.7 Feynman Diagrams……………………………………………………………………………………43I.8 Quantizing Canonically………………………………………………………………………………61I.9 Disturbing the Vacuum……………………………………………………………………………….70I.10 Symmetry…………………………………………………………………………………………..76I.11 Field Theory in Curved Spacetime……………………………………………………………………..81I.12 Field Theory Redux………………………………………………………………………………….88II.1 The Dirac Equation………………………………………………………………………………….93II.2 Quantizing the Dirac Field…………………………………………………………………………..107II.3 Lorentz Group and Weyl Spinors……………………………………………………………………….114II.4 Spin-Statistics Connection…………………………………………………………………………..120II.5 Vacuum Energy, Grassmann Integrals, and Feynman Diagrams for Fermions…………………………………….123II.6 Electron Scattering and Gauge Invariance………………………………………………………………132II.7 Diagrammatic Proof of Gauge Invariance………………………………………………………………..144II.8 Photon-Electron Scattering and Crossing……………………………………………………………….152III.1 Cutting Off Our Ignorance……………………………………………………………………………161III.2 Renormalizable versus Nonrenormalizable……………………………………………………………….169III.3 Counterterms and Physical Perturbation Theory………………………………………………………….173III.4 Gauge Invariance: A Photon Can Find No Rest……………………………………………………………182III.5 Field Theory without Relativity………………………………………………………………………190III.6 The Magnetic Moment of the Electron…………………………………………………………………..194III.7 Polarizing the Vacuum and Renormalizing the Charge……………………………………………………..200III.8 Becoming Imaginary and Conserving Probability………………………………………………………….207IV.1 Symmetry Breaking…………………………………………………………………………………..223IV.2 The Pion as a Nambu-Goldstone Boson…………………………………………………………………..231IV.3 Effective Potential…………………………………………………………………………………237IV.4 Magnetic Monopole…………………………………………………………………………………..245IV.5 Nonabelian Gauge Theory……………………………………………………………………………..253IV.6 The Anderson-Higgs Mechanism…………………………………………………………………………263IV.7 Chiral Anomaly……………………………………………………………………………………..270V.1 Superfluids………………………………………………………………………………………..283V.2 Euclid, Boltzmann, Hawking, and Field Theory at Finite Temperature……………………………………….287V.3 Landau-Ginzburg Theory of Critical Phenomena…………………………………………………………..292V.4 Superconductivity…………………………………………………………………………………..295V.5 Peierls Instability…………………………………………………………………………………298V.6 Solitons…………………………………………………………………………………………..302V.7 Vortices, Monopoles, and Instantons…………………………………………………………………..306VI.1 Fractional Statistics, Chern-Simons Term, and Topological Field Theory……………………………………315VI.2 Quantum Hall Fluids…………………………………………………………………………………322VI.3 Duality……………………………………………………………………………………………331VI.4 The s Models as Effective Field Theories………………………………………………………………340VI.5 Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets…………………………………………………………………….344VI.6 Surface Growth and Field Theory………………………………………………………………………347VI.7 Disorder: Replicas and Grassmannian Symmetry…………………………………………………………..350VI.8 Renormalization Group Flow as a Natural Concept in High Energy and Condensed Matter Physics…………………356VII.1 Quantizing Yang-Mills Theory and Lattice Gauge Theory…………………………………………………..371VII.2 Electroweak Unification……………………………………………………………………………..379VII.3 Quantum Chromodynamics………………………………………………………………………………385VII.4 Large N Expansion…………………………………………………………………………………..394VII.5 Grand Unification…………………………………………………………………………………..407VII.6 Protons Are Not Forever……………………………………………………………………………..413VII.7 SO(10) Unification………………………………………………………………………………….421VIII.1 Gravity as a Field Theory and the Kaluza-Klein Picture………………………………………………….433VIII.2 The Cosmological Constant Problem and the Cosmic Coincidence Problems…………………………………….448VIII.3 Effective Field Theory Approach to Understanding Nature…………………………………………………452VIII.4 Supersymmetry: A Very Brief Introduction………………………………………………………………461VIII.5 A Glimpse of String Theory as a 2-Dimensional Field Theory………………………………………………469Closing Words…………………………………………………………………………………………….473N.1 Gravitational Waves and Effective Field Theory……………………………………………………………479N.2 Gluon Scattering in Pure Yang-Mills Theory……………………………………………………………….483N.3 Subterranean Connections in Gauge Theories……………………………………………………………….497N.4 Is Einstein Gravity Secretly the Square of Yang-Mills Theory?………………………………………………513More Closing Words………………………………………………………………………………………..521Appendix A: Gaussian Integration and the Central Identity of Quantum Field Theory………………………………..523Appendix B: A Brief Review of Group Theory…………………………………………………………………..525Appendix C: Feynman Rules………………………………………………………………………………….534Appendix D: Various Identities and Feynman Integrals………………………………………………………….538Appendix E: Dotted and Undotted Indices and the Majorana Spinor………………………………………………..541Solutions to Selected Exercises…………………………………………………………………………….545Further Reading…………………………………………………………………………………………..559Index……………………………………………………………………………………………………563Chapter OneI.1 Who Needs It? Who needs quantum field theory? Quantum field theory arose out of our need to describe the ephemeral nature of life. No, seriously, quantum field theory is needed when we confront simultaneously the two great physics innovations of the last century of the previous millennium: special relativity and quantum mechanics. Consider a fast moving rocket ship close to light speed. You need special relativity but not quantum mechanics to study its motion. On the other hand, to study a slow moving electron scattering on a proton, you must invoke quantum mechanics, but you don’t have to know a thing about special relativity. It is in the peculiar confluence of special relativity and quantum mechanics that a new set of phenomena arises: Particles can be born and particles can die. It is this matter of birth, life, and death that requires the development of a new subject in physics, that of quantum field theory. Let me give a heuristic discussion. In quantum mechanics the uncertainty principle tells us that the energy can fluctuate wildly over a small interval of time. According to special relativity, energy can be converted into mass and vice versa. With quantum mechanics and special relativity, the wildly fluctuating energy can metamorphose into mass, that is, into new particles not previously present. Write down the Schrdinger equation for an electron scattering off a proton. The equation describes the wave function of one electron, and no matter how you shake and bake the mathematics of the partial differential equation, the electron you follow will remain one electron. But special relativity tells us that energy can be converted to matter: If the electron is energetic enough, an electron and a positron (“the antielectron”) can be produced. The Schrdinger equation is simply incapable of describing such a phenomenon. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics must break down. You saw the need for quantum field theory at another point in your education. Toward the end of a good course on nonrelativistic quantum mechanics the interaction between radiation and atoms is often discussed. You would recall that the electromagnetic field is treated as a field; well, it is a field. Its Fourier components are quantized as a collection of harmonic oscillators, leading to creation and annihilation operators for photons. So there, the electromagnetic field is a quantum field. Meanwhile, the electron is treated as a poor cousin, with a wave function [PSI](x) governed by the good old Schrdinger equation. Photons can be created or annihilated, but not electrons. Quite aside from the experimental fact that electrons and positrons could be created in pairs, it would be intellectually more satisfying to treat electrons and photons, as they are both elementary particles, on the same footing. So, I was more or less right: Quantum field theory is a response to the ephemeral nature of life. All of this is rather vague, and one of the purposes of this book is to make these remarks more precise. For the moment, to make these thoughts somewhat more concrete, let us ask where in classical physics we might have encountered something vaguely resembling the birth and death of particles. Think of a mattress, which we idealize as a 2-dimensional lattice of point masses connected to each other by springs (fig. I.1.1). For simplicity, let us focus on the vertical displacement [which we denote by [q.sub.a](t)] of the point masses and neglect the small horizontal movement. The index a simply tells us which mass we are talking about. The Lagrangian is then [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1) Keeping only the terms quadratic in q (the “harmonic approximation”) we have the equations of motion [mq.sub.a] = [[DELTA].sub.b] [k.sub.ab][q.sub.b]. Taking the q’s as oscillating with frequency [omega], we have [[DELTA].sub.b] [k.sub.ab][q.sub.b] = [m][omega].sup.2][q.sub.a]. The eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes are determined, respectively, by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix k. As usual, we can form wave packets by superposing eigenmodes. When we quantize the theory, these wave packets behave like particles, in the same way that electromagnetic wave packets when quantized behave like particles called photons. Since the theory is linear, two wave packets pass right through each other. But once we include the nonlinear terms, namely the terms cubic, quartic, and so forth in the q’s in (1), the theory becomes anharmonic. Eigenmodes now couple to each other. A wave packet might decay into two wave packets. When two wave packets come near each other, they scatter and perhaps produce more wave packets. This naturally suggests that the physics of particles can be described in these terms. Quantum field theory grew out of essentially these sorts of physical ideas. It struck me as limiting that even after some 75 years, the whole subject of quantum field theory remains rooted in this harmonic paradigm, to use a dreadfully pretentious word. We have not been able to get away from the basic notions of oscillations and wave packets. Indeed, string theory, the heir to quantum field theory, is still firmly founded on this harmonic paradigm. Surely, a brilliant young physicist, perhaps a reader of this book, will take us beyond. Condensed matter physics In this book I will focus mainly on relativistic field theory, but let me mention here that one of the great advances in theoretical physics in the last 30 years or so is the increasingly sophisticated use of quantum field theory in condensed matter physics. At first sight this seems rather surprising. After all, a piece of “condensed matter” consists of an enormous swarm of electrons moving nonrelativistically, knocking about among various atomic ions and interacting via the electromagnetic force. Why can’t we simply write down a gigantic wave function [PSI]([x.sub.1], [x.sub.2], …, [x.sub.N]), where [x.sub.j] denotes the position of the jth electron and N is a large but finite number? Okay, [PSI] is a function of many variables but it is still governed by a nonrelativistic Schrdinger equation. The answer is yes, we can, and indeed that was how solid state physics was first studied in its heroic early days (and still is in many of its subbranches). Why then does a condensed matter theorist need quantum field theory? Again, let us first go for a heuristic discussion, giving an overall impression rather than all the details. In a typical solid, the ions vibrate around their equilibrium lattice positions. This vibrational dynamics is best described by so-called phonons, which correspond more or less to the wave packets in the mattress model described above. This much you can read about in any standard text on solid state physics. Furthermore, if you have had a course on solid state physics, you would recall that the energy levels available to electrons form bands. When an electron is kicked (by a phonon field say) from a filled band to an empty band, a hole is left behind in the previously filled band. This hole can move about with its own identity as a particle, enjoying a perfectly comfortable existence until another electron comes into the band and annihilates it. Indeed, it was with a picture of this kind that Dirac first conceived of a hole in the “electron sea” as the antiparticle of the electron, the positron. We will flesh out this heuristic discussion in subsequent chapters in parts V and VI. Marriages To summarize, quantum field theory was born of the necessity of dealing with the marriage of special relativity and quantum mechanics, just as the new science of string theory is being born of the necessity of dealing with the marriage of general relativity and quantum mechanics. I.2 Path Integral Formulation of Quantum Physics The professor’s nightmare: a wise guy in the class As I noted in the preface, I know perfectly well that you are eager to dive into quantum field theory, but first we have to review the path integral formalism of quantum mechanics. This formalism is not universally taught in introductory courses on quantum mechanics, but even if you have been exposed to it, this chapter will serve as a useful review. The reason I start with the path integral formalism is that it offers a particularly convenient way of going from quantum mechanics to quantum field theory. I will first give a heuristic discussion, to be followed by a more formal mathematical treatment. Perhaps the best way to introduce the path integral formalism is by telling a story, certainly apocryphal as many physics stories are. Long ago, in a quantum mechanics class, the professor droned on and on about the double-slit experiment, giving the standard treatment. A particle emitted from a source S (fig. I.2.1) at time t = 0 passes through one or the other of two holes, [A.sub.1] and [A.sub.2], drilled in a screen and is detected at time t = T by a detector located at O. The amplitude for detection is given by a fundamental postulate of quantum mechanics, the superposition principle, as the sum of the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source S through the hole [A.sub.2] and then onward to the point O and the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source S through the hole [A.sub.2] and then onward to the point O. Suddenly, a very bright student, let us call him Feynman, asked, “Professor, what if we drill a third hole in the screen?” The professor replied, “Clearly, the amplitude for the particle to be detected at the point O is now given by the sum of three amplitudes, the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source S through the hole A1 and then onward to the point O, the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source S through the hole [A.sub.2] and then onward to the point O, and the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source S through the hole [A.sub.3] and then onward to the point O.” The professor was just about ready to continue when Feynman interjected again, “What if I drill a fourth and a fifth hole in the screen?” Now the professor is visibly losing his patience: “All right, wise guy, I think it is obvious to the whole class that we just sum over all the holes.” To make what the professor said precise, denote the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source S through the hole [A.sub.i] and then onward to the point O as A(S [right arrow] [A.sub.i] [right arrow] O). Then the amplitude for the particle to be detected at the point O is [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (1) But Feynman persisted, “What if we now add another screen (fig. I.2.2) with some holes drilled in it?” The professor was really losing his patience: “Look, can’t you see that you just take the amplitude to go from the source S to the hole [A.sub.i] in the first screen, then to the hole [B.sub.j] in the second screen, then to the detector at O, and then sum over all i and j?” Feynman continued to pester, “What if I put in a third screen, a fourth screen, eh? What if I put in a screen and drill an infinite number of holes in it so that the screen is no longer there?” The professor sighed, “Let’s move on; there is a lot of material to cover in this course.” But dear reader, surely you see what that wise guy Feynman was driving at. I especially enjoy his observation that if you put in a screen and drill an infinite number of holes in it, then that screen is not really there. Very Zen! What Feynman showed is that even if there were just empty space between the source and the detector, the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source to the detector is the sum of the amplitudes for the particle to go through each one of the holes in each one of the (nonexistent) screens. In other words, we have to sum over the amplitude for the particle to propagate from the source to the detector following all possible paths between the source and the detector (fig. I.2.3). [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] (2) Now the mathematically rigorous will surely get anxious over how [[SIGMA].sub.(paths)] is to be defined. Feynman followed Newton and Leibniz: Take a path (fig. I.2.4), approximate it by straight line segments, and let the segments go to zero. You can see that this is just like filling up a space with screens spaced infinitesimally close to each other, with an infinite number of holes drilled in each screen. Fine, but how to construct the amplitude A(particle to go from S to O in time T following a particular path)? Well, we can use the unitarity of quantum mechanics: If we know the amplitude for each infinitesimal segment, then we just multiply them together to get the amplitude of the whole path. In quantum mechanics, the amplitude to propagate from a point [q.sub.I] to a point [q.sub.F] in time T is governed by the unitary operator [e.sup.-iHT], where H is the Hamiltonian. More precisely, denoting by |q> the state in which the particle is at q, the amplitude in question is just [q.sub.F] | [e.sup.-iHT] | [q.sub.I]>. Here we are using the Dirac bra and ket notation. Of course, philosophically, you can argue that to say the amplitude is [q.sub.F] | [e.sup.-iHT] | [q.sub.I]> amounts to a postulate and a definition of H. It is then up to experimentalists to discover that H is hermitean, has the form of the classical Hamiltonian, et cetera. Indeed, the whole path integral formalism could be written down mathematically starting with the quantity <[q.sub.F] | [e.sup.-iHT] | [q.sub.I]>, without any of Feynman’s jive about screens with an infinite number of holes.Many physicists would prefer a mathematical treatment without the talk. As a matter of fact, the path integral formalism was invented by Dirac precisely in this way, long before Feynman. A necessary word about notation even though it interrupts the narrative flow: We denote the coordinates transverse to the axis connecting the source to the detector by q, rather than x, for a reason which will emerge in a later chapter. For notational simplicity, we will think of q as 1-dimensional and suppress the coordinate along the axis connecting the source to the detector. Dirac’s formulation Let us divide the time T into N segments each lasting [delta]t = T/N. Then we write [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] Our states are normalized by , thus obtaining [integral](dp/2[pi])[e.sup.ip(q’-q)] = [delta](q’ – q).) So again inserting a complete set of states, we write [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] Note that we removed the hat from the momentum operator in the exponential: Since the momentum operator is acting on an eigenstate, it can be replaced by its eigenvalue. Also, we are evidently working in the Heisenberg picture. The integral over p is known as a Gaussian integral, with which you may already be familiar. If not, turn to appendix 2 to this chapter. Doing the integral over p, we get (using (21)) [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] Putting this into (3) yields [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] with [q.sub.0] = [q.sub.I] and [q.sub.N] = [q.sub.F]. (Continues…) Excerpted from Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshellby A. Zee Copyright © 2010 by Princeton University Press. Excerpted by permission. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site. Read more Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website: ⭐This is the book to get if you want a glimpse of QFT from a modern perspective. To fully appreciate what Zee has masterfully put together, you need to approach Nutshell with the right mindset. Though it is comprehensive, it is *not* a training manual to turn you into a whiz at calculating scattering cross-sections, or renormalizing loop diagrams, etc. But by the end of Nutshell, you will understand in broad strokes the conceptual framework that generations of theoreticians have applied to make calculations, and better appreciate the issues modern ideas (such as string theory, unification, etc) are attempting to tackle. The exercises are generally well crafted, and have a good spread in terms of their level of difficulty.At the outset, Zee assumes that the reader is familiar with graduate level quantum mechanics, Lagrangian mechanics, special relativity, and a healthy exposure to Green’s functions typically from an electrodynamics course, as well as rudimentary ideas in group theory.By the way, there is a (very) concise review of group theory in the appendices, and Zee has also authored a very excellent full fledged ‘group theory for physicists’ book. Knowledge of statistical mechanics will help make its analogy to QFT tighter, and the later chapters involving condensed matter systems more relatable. Having said that, a motivated reader can dive straight into the book without having the above prerequisites and pick up the material from other sources along the way. Being the second edition, there are no serious typos which would obscure the physics being put across.Zee’s QFT in a Nutshell was an absolute joy to read, and will prove to be an invaluable resource to students, teachers, and researchers alike. ⭐This “nutshell” covers a surprisingly large amount of material. Zee uses heavily the path integral formalism, which I like, to derive results. If you are path integral type, you’ll probably like this. Sometimes, I wish the notation was less sloppy though, I read this after a QFT course so it was easy to figure out when zee was talking about an operator/a classical field/a uniform scalar field, but if this was my first time, I would have been very confused.I think this book can serve a 3 main purpose:1. An very smart undergrad keen to start QFT right after a (good) undergrad QM course: this would work, but only if you already know complex integration, and you are pretty sharp. There will be times when it will be a bit overwhelming, so grad student you can access to ask questions would be immensely helpful.2. A nice intuitive feel for QFT after you completed your first QFT course, after maybe something like peskin & schroeder where you “shut up and calculate” but were left feeling a bit lost and empty because you lost track why QFT is the way it is.3. A fun read for an experienced quantum mechanic. If you already know most of the topics covered (let’s say you finished a full year QFT sequence), this is kinda of a fun read on the airplane, it reads like a novel! I sometimes use this if I want to quickly have an appetizer on a random QFT topic like Chern-Simons Theory, Random surface growth (lots of very cool topics in the later sections). ⭐I was tempted to give this book four stars, simply to stand out among the sea of five star reviews, but I cannot, for this book truly is deserving of five stars. This is indeed a wonderful book, though it is not the mythic “one field theory text you will ever need” or the book that can make Sarah Palin understand instantons.This book covers quite a bit of ground, but that does not mean it is shallow. I’ve read some crap textbooks whose authors try to cram every topic under the sun into the table of contents, but do nothing to convey any real understanding (I’m looking at you Professor Kaku). This book is at the other end of the spectrum.In physics identifying the truly interesting questions usually proves to be more difficult than performing the calculations, and what this book does really well is show what the interesting questions are and why they are interesting. If the calculational details Zee presents are too sparse, and I think they are in a few places, you can always find more information on the interwebs.I especially liked the occasional jabs Zee takes at those types who like to whine about a lack of rigor. To paraphrase the world’s most interesting man, there is a time and place for rigor in quantum field theory. The time is never, I’ll let you figure out the place on your own. ⭐I took QFT from Leon Cooper when I was a graduate student at Brown University working on my PhD in Applied Mathematics and I survived it with a good grade. Surviving is not understanding. I worked at IDA in Princeton and regularly interacted with Freeman Dyson but unfortunately never on QFT (or QED) since he was on the advisory board for IDA Center for Communications Research. My wife was a nurse at a retirement community and was assigned John Wheeler which afforded me interaction with him. But I talked to him about gravitation. So for 30 years I have struggled with getting a full gestalt on QFT. At age 64, in desperation, after reading some reviews I ordered Tony Zee’s book. It has been completely transformative in my understanding the concepts and the narrative behind the equations in QFT. I heartily recommend the book and admonish the reader who is serious to work the exercises. Thank you Tony for this book and your kindly email interaction. ⭐I really enjoy the style of writing and the way the material is presented. The way the author writes makes me feel that the subject is easy and exciting and I’m not afraid to read even the hardest topics. I also appreciate that the book contains a lot of thoughts about what kind of physics might be beyond what we currently know. Even if I don’t understand some of them (or even if these thoughts turn out to be wrong), these inclusions show that QFT is a developing subject, not a dead science.Of course, please do not expect to learn everything from this book. The author has an objective to make the reader love the subject, but doesn’t try to say the final word on every topic. Consulting other textbooks might be extremely useful and this is fine – why would you want one book to explain everything? Personally, I found that Folland’s “QFT: tourist’s guide for mathematicians” was helpful for me to begin my studies (I’m a Maths major without much background in Physics), while Peskin and Schroeder contains more details on renormalization and many other topics.Now, I need to say something about whether this book is serious – there were some accusations of this book not containing enough mathematical details to be considered serious. I strongly disagree. If “math” means “calculations”, then yes, this book doesn’t contain many of them. But for me, as a Math major, Mathematics is more about insights and meaning, and calculations should be better avoided if the same thing can be explained using some deep concepts. In this sense this book is perfect – whenever it’s possible to do without cluttering formulas it would do it. I would even say that this approach is much better – sometimes in the more traditional physics texts I get lost in calculations and can’t understand what are the ideas behind what we are doing. This definitely would not happen with this book.Conclusion – this book is a must have for anyone studying QFT. It can be helpful for beginners, as well as for advanced students who want a reminder of how exciting and easy the subject actually is. The number of physical and mathematical insights per page is extraordinary. But trying to learn everything from only this book would be a mistake. ⭐This is a great book for someone taking a course in Quantum Field Theory. Personally I think that Peskin & Schroeder is a better book on Quantum Field Theory, and certainly it has more details, but Zee is nice to read along side Peskin & Schroeder, since it is much more conversational in tone, and has some interesting examples and anecdotes. Moreover, I think it does a much nicer job of introducing the Path Integral Method of Quantisation. Overall I would recommend it. ⭐I gave up on page 24 after several steps where I could not work out how they were made. The link to the promised maintained web site remains broken. As a minor issue, I was promised fun but never encountered any before I gave up.Instead, I recommend “Student Friendly Quantum Field Theory” by Robert D Klauber. (Feel free to see my review for this book.) ⭐Zee has written an outstanding book on an introduction to QFT. This book along with Peskin and Schroeder’s offers the highest standard of textbooks for the subject, and Zee’s version is much less dry. A “bible” on the topic if there ever was one. ⭐Nice book. = [delta](q’ – q) with [delta] the Dirac delta function. (Recall that [delta] is defined by [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]. See appendix 1.) Now use the fact that |q_ forms a complete set of states so that [integral] dq | q>
. Let us take the baby step of first evaluating it just for the free-particle case in which H = [p.sup.2]/2m. The hat on p reminds us that it is an operator. Denote by |p> the eigenstate of p, namely p|p> = p|p>. Do you remember from your course in quantum mechanics that
= [e.sup.ipq]? Sure you do. This just says that the momentum eigenstate is a plane wave in the coordinate representation. (The normalization is such that [integral](dp/2[pi])|p>
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Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition (In a nutshell) 2nd Edition PDF Free Download
Download Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition (In a nutshell) 2nd Edition 2010 PDF Free
Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition (In a nutshell) 2nd Edition 2010 PDF Free Download
Download Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition (In a nutshell) 2nd Edition PDF
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