Quantum Information and Consciousness: A Gentle Introduction 1st Edition by Danko D. Georgiev | (PDF) Free Download

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“I loved the book! This book is not just interesting, it is exciting. I have probably read every significant book in the field, and this is the strongest and most convincing one yet. It is also one of the most comprehensive in its explanations. I shall most certainly recommend the book to colleagues.”–Richard G. Petty, MD”a very good introduction to the basic theory of quantum systems…. Dr. Georgiev’s book aptly prepares the reader to confront whatever might be in store later.” –from the Foreword by Prof. James F. Glazebrook, Eastern Illinois UniversityThis book addresses the fascinating cross-disciplinary field of quantum information theory applied to the study of brain function. It offers a self-study guide to probe the problems of consciousness, including a concise but rigorous introduction to classical and quantum information theory, theoretical neuroscience, and philosophy of the mind. It aims to address long-standing problems related to consciousness within the framework of modern theoretical physics in a comprehensible manner that elucidates the nature of the mind-body relationship. The reader also gains an overview of methods for constructing and testing quantum informational theories of consciousness.

User’s Reviews

Editorial Reviews: Review “I loved the book! This book is not just interesting, it is exciting. I have probably read every significant book in the field, and this is the strongest and most convincing one yet. It is also one of the most comprehensive in its explanations. I shall most certainly recommend the book to colleagues.” –Richard G. Petty, MD”This is an excellent book, which can be used in academia and industry, and is also suitable as a required or complementary textbook for students. The author (who has both an MD and PhD) covers various aspects of molecular reengineering, information sciences, neuroscience, etc. While some aspects covered can be debated, the author shows the clear prospect for multidisciplinary studies of this kind. These topics, studies, and findings will be of interest to experts in biological and physical sciences, who are interested in quantum and semi-quantum mechanics with applications in biomedicine and biotechnologies. Highly recommended.” –Sergey E. Lyshevski, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology”The book is an essential compilation of knowledge about the theory of quantum systems and about consciousness. It is recommended to any one interested in the field of the science of mind. It brings a fresh insight in the never ending philosophical debate of what consciousness and mind is. It manages this without hidden metaphysical indigents that are found in so many related books.” –Andreas Wichert, Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Lisbon, Portugal About the Author Danko D. Georgiev earned his M.D. from Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria, graduating summa cum laude in 2004, and his Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Kanazawa University, Japan, in 2008 for his research in the area of neuronal differentiation. He has worked as an anesthesiologist at the Naval Hospital, Varna, and was also a researcher in the Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology at Kanazawa University, where he studied the molecular alterations in the cerebral cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. He held a two-year JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and was a short-term visiting scholar at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, as well as a visiting lecturer at the Biomedical Forum, Annual Program of Continuing Medical Education held at Medical University of Varna. He was then a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, where he performed cutting-edge research on the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Georgiev is currently a principal investigator at the Institute for Advanced Study, Varna, Bulgaria, where he employs graph theory and computational linguistics to study the cognitive processes underlying creative problem solving in view of developing technologies for computer-assisted enhancement of human creativity or implementation of creativity in machines endowed with general artificial intelligence. He has published over 35 research articles, some in world-renowned journals such as the American Journal of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Bulletin, and Journal of Neuroscience.

Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website:

⭐I bought the book 3 months before from amazon.de and wrote there (May 5, 2018) a detailed review in German language, in the sum with 4 stars. Because I don‘t speak English fluently, I now will only give some shorter comments (and apologize for my bad English):a) It seems to me, that the reviewer „Rama Rao“ (June 23, 2018) has not read the book thoroughly. In his review he mainly presents his own thoughts in respect to the consciousness problem. Only one short chapter (and the two last sentences of his review) relate to Dr. Georgiev`s book and there he wrongly asserts: „In the rest of the book, we learn that information processing in the brain microtubule proteins is the center of emerging consciousness“ and so on. That’s not true. The microtubules are a centerpiece of the Penrose-Hameroff quantum model of consciousness, but in no way of Dr. Georgiev`s model. The author describes the Penrose-Hameroff- and other models shortly, but only to demarcate his own hypothesis from those models, which he refuses.b) „Rama Rao“ ends his review with: „Reading this book is somewhat difficult and requires knowledge of undergraduate level physics and neurobiology“. Here I agree. In the last 50 years I forgot most of my high-school mathematics and physics, and so had much difficulties and needed a big investment of time (which I am lucky to have), to superficially understand most of the mathematical and physical reasonings in this book. It`s no disadvantage per se, that the author explains the elemental foundations of the quantumtheory in a correct scientific way, and naturally this is no easy stuff, but I too criticize, that in the Amazon description of the book the potential buyer is not informed or warned, that he should have a good basis-knowledge of (quantum-) mathematics and physics.c) In principle, I also agree to the last sentence of „Rama Rao“`s review: „But the idea presented in this book is not tested and remains a theoretical view“. But, so far as I know, all (!) presented quantumtheoretical proposals of the hard problem of consciousness, the subjective „Qualia“, are lacking experimental proof for their hypotheses {for example the Hameroff-Penrose Orch OR model, the quantum-Zeno theory from Stapp and Everett, the many worlds interpretation and the theory of abstract Quantenbits (protyposis) as the fundamental „substance“ of all materia, energy and information in the universe and therefore of consciousness too (german books: “Von der Quantenphysik zum Bewusstsein“ 2016 and „… und Gott würfelt doch“ 2017 from the quantumphysicist Thomas Goernitz)}. They all compare (subjective) properties of consciousness with features of the quantumtheory in a manner of analogy without straight causal connections. D. Georgiev gives his quantum model of consciousness in a very clever and elaborated way exact such physically-mathematically boundary conditions, that the features of his quantum-construct match (subjective) features and properties of our consciousness. But again, in the first line that are analogies without compelling causal relations. Some reasonings I cannot reenact (for example his „solution“ of the free will problem), but if his quantum construct is mathematically-physically possible and allowed, what I cannot judge, his hypothesis seems to me without rough inner contradictions and the author explains his notions in a comprehensible straight way. In addition, at the end of the book he proposes some experimental ways, which eventually could brace his notions. So, I think, D. Georgiev proposes an interesting, radical quantummodel for the consciousness-Qualia, worth to reflect upon and discuss it and perhaps to initiate some bolstering experiments.d) In the second last chapter the author describes very detailed and with clear graphics the highly complex structure and function of cell membranes, the proteins with alpha-helices, the voltage gated ion-channels, the neuronal synapses with the neurotransmitter transport by means of a „snare zipping“ mechanism etc.. He expounds the necessary quantum properties (f.e. tunneling) for such functions and spatial configurations comprehensible.

⭐Excellent concept presented eloquently and comprehensively! A book written with vision and understanding of the scientific field! Stimulating and informative!

⭐I came across this book because the author studied medicine in the university that I am currently an assistant. The book addresses the mind-brain problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and the brain as part of the physical body. The author presents an approach based on quantum information theory, which is a modern physical discipline that is not included in the curriculum for medical students. The book contains a lot of mathematical equations, but many of these can be skipped over and the meaning could still be understood from the text and the accompanying illustrations. The invested time in reading the book and studying the presented material is rewarded with deeper understanding of the quantum physical reality, which includes a quantum physical description of the human brain and its interaction with the surrounding world. I highly recommend (having in mind the high specificity) the book to medical students planning to pursue postgraduate studies/research in fundamental neuroscience and to medical doctors who want to expand their knowledge on the mind-brain problem and modern physics.

⭐The concept of matter and energy has dominated physics, and this has made it difficult to fit consciousness into the laws of physics. Recent studies in quantum gravity and thermodynamics of black holes has demonstrated that information is primary to the structure of quantum and relativistic physics. This “It from Bit” perspective has more relevance for consciousness than originally thought. In fact, quantum information is as fundamental as energy/matter in spacetime. Physical reality requires energy/information duality and consciousness for quantum states collapse. The connection of consciousness and energy-information duality is like that of wave-particle duality in early 20th century.Consciousness is primarily an informational system. By understanding quantum states as an information system, the energy/information duality and the corresponding nature of quantum spacetime and non-local behavior of quantum reality may be placed in proper context. Quantum information laws leads to a network that creates fields, particles, matter, spacetime, dimensions, quantum gravity, and consciousness; some of these are emergent phenomenon. They are not derivable from the laws or organizing principles or knowledge about their constituents. In fact, emergent properties like quantum gravity and consciousness are not identical with, reducible to, or deducible from properties of matter. The quantum computing with quantum states means that both information and computation are part of the quantum reality, even though the quantum states themselves are not directly measurable. Information is proto-physical, which describe as how information can exist without energy or matter encoding it.The current information age consists of classical information in bits. The future information age represents quantum encoded information using qubits and ebits (EPR; quantum entanglement bits) which do not have classical energy nor classical spacetime properties. Artificial intelligence generated on the principles of quantum computation would match human consciousness, since artificial intelligence based on classical computation/information processing is less compatible with human consciousness/intelligence. With the advent of quantum computers and quantum information processing systems, one can simulate many testable predictions. Technology will also allow experiments that shore up or shore down theoretical predictions. It is certain that Consciousness in biological is a result of quantum information processing. When consciousness is mapped into a nonclassical and non-energy domain of quantum information, many of the paradoxical problems of energy dominated solutions dissolve.In this book, the author describes human consciousness in terms of quantum information processing. The first half of the book is largely introductory. In the rest of the book, we learn that information processing in the brain microtubule proteins is the center of emerging consciousness. The quantum information is converted into specific protein tubulin tail conformational states, and long-range collective coherent behavior of the tubulin tails runs as solitary waves that propagate along the microtubules, which is at the roots of the origins of consciousness.In one of his papers, the author criticizes Penrose-Hameroff model of quantum information processing as false. One of the shortcomings in this paper is that numerous testable predictions have been made and this may be tested with modern technology. Potential features of quantum computation could explain enigmatic aspects of consciousness. The Penrose-Hameroff model known as orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR) suggests that quantum superposition and a form of quantum computation occur in microtubule cylindrical protein lattices of the cell cytoskeleton within the brain’s neurons. Microtubules couple to and regulate neural-level synaptic functions, and they become mini quantum computers because of dynamical lattice structure, quantum-level subunit states and intermittent isolation from environmental interactions. In this biological setting, this proposal differs from quantum computers in which quantum state collapse is caused by environmental decoherence, which has an element of randomness, but reduction of microtubule quantum superposition to classical output states occurs by an objective factor, perhaps quantum gravity threshold stemming from instability in Planck-scale separations (superpositions) in spacetime.Consciousness is a universal phenomenon in all living systems and intelligent machines. In biological systems that include plants and microbial systems have microtubule proteins and perhaps use this as the base on which various levels of consciousness may emerge from quantum information and information processing. Even the simplest living organism possess consciousness at a rudimentary level. Plants do not have brain or any form of central nervous system is known to have equivalent neurobiological experiences. Plant neurobiology is an evolved field and plant philosophy is starting to generate interest among some biologists. And so is the existence of quantum physics in biological process like photosynthesis and migratory behavior among some avian species. Bees have been shown to understand the concept of zero. So, any mechanism proposed should have some common features in all living systems.Reading this book is somewhat difficult and requires knowledge of undergraduate level physics and neurobiology. But the ideas presented in this book is not tested and remains a theoretical view.

⭐Achtung: Dieses Buch enhält viele spezielle mathematische Formeln und Herleitungen, oft mit einer für den Laien fremden Symbolik. Ich, Arzt im Ruhestand und mathematischer Laie, habe viel Zeit und Internetrecherche investieren müssen, um die mathematischen Ausführungen wenigstens ansatzweise zu verstehen. Vorzugsweise richtet sich das Buch an mathematisch-physikalisch versiertere Leser, was aus der Amazonbeschreibung nicht hervorgeht. Das E-book kann auch nicht auf einem Kindle Paperwhite oder dem Kindle Basisgerät gelesen werden, sondern nur auf Tablet oder PC/Mac mit den jeweiligen Amazon Apps.Insgesamt entwirft der Autor in dem ansprechend illustriertem Buch eine radikale, mathematisch-quantenphysikalisch eindrucksvoll fundierte Quantentheorie des Bewusstseins (soweit ich das als Laie überhaupt nachvollziehen kann). Nicht alle Thesen und Randbedingungen, mit denen der Autor seine Theorie modelliert, sind mir nach meinen Kenntnissen der Gehirnfunktion und der Psyche einleuchtend. Zu diesem speziellem Thema habe ich in den letzten Jahren u.a. folgende Bücher gelesen:das sehr empfehlenswerte Buch „Life on the Edge: The coming of Age of Quantum Biologie“, 2015, in dem Jim Al-Khalili und Johnjoe Mc Fadden detailliert, flüssig und interessant lesbar biologische Schlüsselvorgänge in Pflanzen und Tieren und deren quantentheoretische Voraussetzungen beleuchten.„Von der Quantenphysik zum Bewusstsein“ von Thomas und Brigitte Goernitz 2016 (der Quantenphysiker Th. Goernitz war Mitarbeiter im Institut von Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, einem Schüler Werner Heisenbergs), s. meine Buchbesprechung bei Amazon mit 4 Sternen unter W.M..„… und Gott würfelt doch“ von Thomas Goernitz 2017: Im Vergleich zu b) wesentlich straffer und flüssiger lesbar; inhaltlich m.E. sehr gutes e-book, das leider in schlecht lesbarer heller Schrift auf dunklem Hintergrund bei Amazon angeboten wird.„The New Science of Consciousness“ 2016 von Paul S. Numez, ein Buch, das mir bis auf die fundierte Beschreibung des EEG’s, der physikalischen Eigenschaften der elektromagnetischen Wellen des Gehirns mit Interferenzen, Synchronisierung etc., wenig zusagte.Nach meinem Eindruck klafft bei allen bisherigen quantenphysikalischen Modellen, einschließlich des vorliegenden Modells von D.Georgiev, eine Erklärungslücke zwischen der Theorie und den subjektiv erlebten Erfahrungen des Bewusstseins, den Qualia. Es mag zwar sein, dass sich postulierte Quanteneigenschaften und subjektiv erlebbare Eigenschaften des Bewusstseins ähneln, dabei handelt es sich aber zunächst nur um Analogien. Konkrete experimentelle Belege für die Existenz der behaupteten, das Bewusstsein formenden Quanteneigenschaften im Gehirn fehlen (lediglich bei einigen punktuellen neuronalen Vorgängen sind Quanteneigenschaften nachgewiesen oder diese werden vermutet).Wenn man die von D. Georgiev vorgeschlagenen Voraussetzungen und Randbedingungen akzeptiert, scheint sein Modell in sich schlüssig und mathematisch-quantenphysikalisch ohne gravierende interne Widersprüche zu sein. Das ist schon einmal viel wert, wenn – wie beim vorliegendem Thema – direkte experimentelle Belege für die postulierten Quantenzustände des Gehirns fehlen.Zunächst einige Zitate aus dem Buch zur kurzen Veranschaulichung der Theoriegrundlagen:S. 185: „Axiom 6.1.1. To each individual conscious mind corresponds a single non-factorizable (quantum entangled) state vector |Ψ > that resides in a subspace of the Hilbert space of the universe HU, and to each non-factorizable state vector corresponds a single mind. Und: Axiom 6.1.2. Every factorizable state vector |Ψ > = |ψ1i> ⊗ |ψ2i> ⊗… ⊗ |ψk > that resides in a subspace of the Hilbert space of the universe HU represents a collection of k minds, where the individual (non-factorizable) minds are given by |ψ1i>, |ψ2i>,…, |ψk i.>.“S.189: „the quantum entanglement of physical particles within the brain cortex provides the physical mechanism that binds the conscious experiences into a single mental picture.“Und S. 224: „Each conscious mind is modeled with a single non-factorizable quantum state |ψ> of multiple quantum entangled physical components. The wave function ψ represents the unobservable quantum information that makes up the fabric of the conscious mind.“Zitate zum Panpsychismus, den der Autor aus seiner Theorie ableitet:S. 192: „ Axiom 6.1.1. endorses a form of panpsychism according to which every noninteracting elementary physical particle will have some simple, primordial conscious experience“. Und ähnlich auf S. 264: „a form of quantum panpsychism is endorsed according to which the fleeting existence of minds is predicted both in inanimate matter and in other parts of the living bodies outside of the brain cortex. What makes our conscious mind in the brain cortex really special is that it repeatedly binds a multitude of conscious experiences coming from different sensory organs, including vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch, and then stores memories of our conscious lives in the form of a narrative history about our own conscious “I.”Diese gewagte Hypothese ergibt sich folgerichtig aus Georgievs Axiomen und Theorie-Modellierungen. Das klingt „gefährlich“ esoterisch, muss deshalb aber nicht falsch sein. Der Begriff “conscious experience“ erscheint mir allerdings auch mit den Vorsätzen „simple“ und „primordial“ für anorganische Materie wie ein Sandkorn, ein Felsen, ein Wassertropfen oder ein Luftmolekül unangebracht und inhaltsleer. D. Georgiev selbst widerspricht seiner eigenen Aussage auf der nächsten Seite 193, danach hat ein unbelebtes Objekt wie ein Felsen doch kein Bewusstsein. Ich vermute, dass der (scheinbare) Widerspruch mehr auf einer unglücklichen Wahl des Begriffs „conscious“ für tote Materie beruht:„For inanimate objects such as rocks, the quantum information theory of consciousness will predict that the growth of entangled clusters and subsequent objective reductions will occur in a stochastic, disorganized and asynchronous fashion. Thus, the rock will be unconscious because it is a collection of minds that stochastically pop in and out of existence. The physical properties of the rock will be the statistical average of a zillion stochastic quantum processes. The same picture will also hold for unconscious brains or dead brains. In contrast, the hallmark feature of the human consciousness occurring in the living brain will be that it is a single mind sustained by repeating cycles of binding and disbinding of conscious experiences through entanglement and disentanglement“.Dazu auch auf S. 227: „The picture of a single mind interacting with its brain (wie beim menschlichem Gehirn) becomes inapplicable if after the objective reduction all disentangled component subsystems fly apart. Consider the water in lakes, rivers or oceans. The quantum entanglement will produce minds whose existence will be just the time for a single objective reduction. Because the water molecules are in fluid motion, once the objective reduction occurs the individual water molecules will fly apart and mix with other water molecules from nearby minds. Such a fleeting existence of minds in the inanimate matter gives the impression that the lakes, rivers or oceans are unconscious. Indeed, inanimate objects do not possess a single mind, because they are a collection of ephemeral minds popping in and out of existence. The apparent determinism in inanimate objects comes from the predictability of the probability distribution for large numbers according to the Born rule.“S. 226: Ein fast noch radikalerer „quantum panpsychism in anderer Form: „Because the Hilbert space of the universe HU hosts a collection of minds, it could be said that the physical reality is fundamentally built up from mental stuff“.Das ist wie die auf S. 192 geäußerte Behauptung, dass jedes materielle Objekt mit einer primordialen (simplen) Form eines Bewusstseins verbunden ist, erneut eine sehr gewagte Hypothese. Wenn ich den Autor richtig verstehe, besagt sie, dass das gesamte materielle Weltall, unsere Erde mit ihrer Natur etc. durch unseren bewußten Geist (mind) erschaffen wird (eigentlich geht man doch selbstverständlich vom Umgekehrten aus). Soll man das glauben?S. 191: zur Abgrenzung von klassischen Erklärungsversuchen des Bewusstseins: „it would be instructive to highlight the important differences between the proposed quantum information theory of consciousness and classical reductionism or classical panpsychism. Both classical approaches face an insurmountable problem when trying to explain the existence of unconscious brains or anesthetized brains. In particular, once the brain is identified with the conscious mind, it becomes impossible to explain how the consciousness can be turned off.“Diese Argumentation, die der Autor mehrfach (auch mit Beispielen des toten Gehirns oder in die einzelnen Bestandteile zerquetschen Gehirns mit erhaltener Molekülmasse) ausführt, verstehe ich nicht, sie erscheint mir krass simplifiziert: Ich habe nie gelesen, dass ein Neurowissenschaftler behauptet, das Bewusstsein entstände allein durch das Vorhandensein der Hirnmoleküle, die man sozusagen ungeordnet zerbröselt in einen Sack stecken könnte. Es ist doch wohl allgemein akzeptiert und experimentell belegt, dass das Bewusstsein, aber auch die unterbewussten Vorgänge und alle anderen geistig-psychischen und motorischen Manifestationen des Gehirns nur durch das hochkomplexe Zusammenspiel der chemischen und elektrischen/elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften der ebenfalls hochkomplexen lebendigen Hirnstrukturen möglich werden.S. 192 zum Unterschied bewusste – unterbewusste Gehirnvorgänge:„In essence, the human conscious mind will be a product of organized quantum entanglement within the cortical network of neurons that store one’s own memories, whereas the unconscious brain will be a product of disorganized stochastic quantum entanglements that occur in a bubble-like fashion“ .Letzteres trifft aber laut dem Autor auch auf die tote anorganische Materie und alle unbelebte Objekte unserer Welt zu, s.o.. Dann wären also die quantischen Vorgänge im unbewussten Gehirn prinzipiell denjenigen der unbelebten (anorganisch-chemische) Objekte in unserer Welt gleichzusetzen. Das kann ich kaum glauben. Diese Trennung von Bewusstsein und Unterbewusstsein erscheint mir willkürlich und viel zu scharf. Die unbewussten Vorgänge des lebendigen Gehirns sind entscheidende „Vorbereiter“ für das Bewusstsein, beide Formen des menschlichen Geistes arbeiten sozusagen „Hand in Hand“, es gibt viele Grenz- und Zwischenzustände (Halbschlaf, Traum, Flow, Meditation, unbewusste Vorurteile und biasis, bewusst unerklärliche, aber sehr wirksame unbewusste Emotionen und Affekte usw.).S. 192: „The mind cycles of sophistication through growing entanglement followed by mind disintegration through objective reduction and disentanglement will occur at an extremely high frequency greater than 100 GHz“.Dieser postulierte fortlaufende, rasend schnelle zyklische Wechsel zwischen Quantenzustand —> objektiver Reduktion zum klassischen Faktum —> von diesem Faktum ausgehend erneuter Quantenzustand —> erneute Reduktion zum Faktum etc. entspricht dem zyklischem „Schichtenmodell“ von T. Goernitz und dem Orch OR-Modell von Hameroff/Penrose (wobei letztere nur eine „Wechselfrequenz“ von 40 Hz vorschlagen, also einen um etliche Zehnerpotenzen langsameren Zyklus). Die postulierten schnellen Zyklen sind notwendig, das Problem der fast „sofortigen“ Dekohärenz und objektiven Reduktion aller Quantensysteme in einer warmen, weichen Gehirnmasse zu lösen.S. 194 oben führt der Autor ein Argument an, das mir im Rahmen seines postulierten Panpsychismus einleuchtet: Da der „Geist“, „the mind“, auf physikalischer Materie beruht und alle materiellen Bestandteile schon primordiale, einfachste Vorstufen von bewussten minds darstellen, kann man die Entstehung eines bewusstseinsfähigen Gehirns, das ja aus diesen primordial „bewussten“ materiellen Partikeln besteht, nachvollziehen und in kleinen Schritten sozusagen als „Summation“ dieser primordial bewussten Partikel zum gesamten Gehirn (mit „weichen Übergängen“ s. Buchtitel) erklären. Vergleichbar argumentiert auch T. Goernitz, der ausführt, dass die Gehirnmaterie als Träger der Information (des Bewusstseins) aus der gleichen „Grundsubstanz“ besteht wie die Information (das Bewusstsein) selbst, nämlich aus fundamentalen abstrakten Quantenbits als einfachste Grundbestandteile aller Materie, Energie und Information.S. 210: zum Thema „Free will“: „ …the quantum jump exhibited by a quantum system that has reached the energy threshold E for objective reduction is an inherent choice made by the system itself“. Und S. 224: „Each conscious mind is modeled with a single non-factorizable quantum state |ψ> of multiple quantum entangled physical components. The wave function ψ represents the unobservable quantum information that makes up the fabric of the conscious mind. Because the quantum information is composed of quantum probability amplitudes for potential future events, the conscious mind is endowed with free will to actualize one of those events in a quantum jump. Here, it is important to note that free will is manifested only by sufficiently large minds that reach a certain energy threshold E for objective reduction“.Ein Quantensystem des Gehirns wählt demnach mittels Quantensprüngen aus, welche der (unendlich) vielen inherenten Möglichkeiten zum Zeitpunkt der objektiven Reduktion (Dekohärenz, „Zusammenbruch der Wellenfunktion“) als Faktum realisiert wird. Ich frage mich: wo sitzt oder was ist innerhalb des Quantensystems des Gehirns der „freie Wille“, der auswählt und diese quantum jumps beeinflusst? Das klingt mir wie ein lenkender Geist oder einen übergeordneten “Homunkulus” innerhalb des Quantensystems, was das Problem des freien Willens nur auf eine höhere Ebene verschiebt. Ist nicht die zeitliche Entwicklung eines Quantensystems entsprechend der Schrödinger-Gleichung und das Erreichen der Energieschwelle E, die das Faktischwerden der Quanteninformation durch objektive Reduktion bedingt, deterministisch und die letztendliche „Auswahl“ des Faktums aus den quantischen Möglichkeiten entsprechend der Wahrscheinlichkeitsamplituden zufällig? Die Kombination eines deterministischen Vorgangs mit einem am Ende zufälligem Vorgang erklärt für mich nicht einen freien Willen. Der Autor betont ja selbst immer wieder zu Recht, dass sowohl ein deterministisches klassisch-physikalisches System als auch ein rein zufälliges System einen freien Willen ausschließt. Auch die weiteren Ausführungen im Buch zum Thema freier Wille überzeugen mich nicht. Ich habe allerdings bisher sowieso noch nie eine für mich zufriedenstellende Herleitung des freien Willens gefunden und stoße dabei immer wieder an die Grenze meiner Denkfähigkeit, so dass ich nach wie vor meine, dass es einen solchen vermutlich nicht gibt.Ab S. 229 geht der Autor ausführlich auf alternative Quantentheorien des Bewusstseins ein, die sich z.T. erheblich von der Theorie des Autors unterscheiden, z.T. auch völlig konträr zu den Vorstellungen des Autors sind, nämlich auf das Hameroff-Penrose Orch OR Modell, die Quanten-Zeno Theorie nach Stapp und Everett’s many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Diese Theorien und auch klassisch-physikalische Theorien des Bewusstseins verwirft der Autor mit nachvollziehbaren Argumenten.Im vorletzten Kapitel 7 beschreibt der Autor sehr detailiiert und ausgezeichnet illustriert den hochkomplexen Aufbau der Zellmembranen, der Proteine mit den alpha Helices, die voltage gated Ionenkanäle, die neuronalen Synapsen mit dem Neurotransmitter-Transport durch einen „snare zipping“ Mechanismus etc.. Die Quanteneigenschaften wie Tunnelung, die zum Verständnis der Funktion und der räumlichen Konfiguration dieser Strukturen und Funktionen eine wesentliche Rolle spielen, werden verständlich dargelegt.

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Quantum Information and Consciousness: A Gentle Introduction 1st Edition PDF Free Download
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