Spinors in Hilbert Space by Paul Dirac (PDF)

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1. Hilbert Space The words “Hilbert space” here will always denote what math­ ematicians call a separable Hilbert space. It is composed of vectors each with a denumerable infinity of coordinates ql’ q2′ Q3, …. Usually the coordinates are considered to be complex numbers and each vector has a squared length ~rIQrI2. This squared length must converge in order that the q’s may specify a Hilbert vector. Let us express qr in terms of real and imaginary parts, qr = Xr + iYr’ Then the squared length is l:.r(x; + y;). The x’s and y’s may be looked upon as the coordinates of a vector. It is again a Hilbert vector, but it is a real Hilbert vector, with only real coordinates. Thus a complex Hilbert vector uniquely determines a real Hilbert vector. The second vector has, at first sight, twice as many coordinates as the first one. But twice a denumerable in­ finity is again a denumerable infinity, so the second vector has the same number of coordinates as the first. Thus a complex Hilbert vector is not a more general kind of quantity than a real one.

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