The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family by Peter Byrne (PDF)

Description

Peter Byrne tells the story of Hugh Everett III (1930-1982), whose “many worlds” theory of multiple universes has had a profound impact on physics and philosophy. Using Everett’s unpublished papers (recently discovered in his son’s basement) and dozens of interviews with his friends, colleagues, and surviving family members, Byrne paints, for the general reader, a detailed portrait of the genius who invented an astonishing way of describing our complex universe from the inside. Everett’s mathematical model (called the “universal wave function”) treats all possible events as “equally real”, and concludes that countless copies of every person and thing exist in all possible configurations spread over an infinity of universes: many worlds. Afflicted by depression and addictions, Everett strove to bring rational order to the professional realms in which he played historically significant roles. In addition to his famous interpretation of quantum mechanics, Everett wrote a classicpaper in game theory; created computer algorithms that revolutionized military operations research; and performed pioneering work in artificial intelligence for top secret government projects. He wrote the original software for targeting cities in a nuclear hot war; and he was one of the first scientists to recognize the danger of nuclear winter. As a Cold Warrior, he designed logical systems that modeled “rational” human and machine behaviors, and yet he was largely oblivious to the emotional damage his irrational personal behavior inflicted upon his family, lovers, and business partners. He died young, but left behind a fascinating record of his life, including correspondence with such philosophically inclined physicists as Niels Bohr, Norbert Wiener, and John Wheeler. These remarkable letters illuminate the long and often bitter struggle to explain the paradox of measurement at the heart of quantum physics. In recent years, Everett’s solution to this mysterious problem – theexistence of a universe of universes – has gained considerable traction in scientific circles, not as science fiction, but as an explanation of physical reality.

User’s Reviews

Editorial Reviews: Review “The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III deserves to be widely read. It is comprehensive as a biography; satisfactory as an introduction to Everettian Quantum Mechanics; illuminating as a study in the psychology of physicists and of operations researchers; and engaging as a human story. I recommend it to anyone with an interest in quantum theory.” ―Alastair Wilson, Metascience”The book provides new insights into the development and the later Renaissance of the ‘many worlds’ theory. I am recommending the anthology to anyone interested in the theory’s physical or philosophical implications, and in the pro and con arguments […]” ―Alexander Pawlak, Physik Journal”Byrne’s narrative compels serious attention, contains much important new material, is greatly enlivened and enhanced by his eagle eye for the telling quotation, and is always interesting and often convincing. It should intrigue any student of twentieth century physics, and is also a valuable resource for anyone concerned with the broader eduction of the scientists and the impact narrowly scientific ways of thinking can have on scientists themselves and on the wider world.” ―Adrian Kent, American Journal of Physics”Vivid and thoroughly researched. Byrne does an admirable job of weaving together quantum mechanics, nuclear war games and the disintegration of a dysfunctional family in this tale of a talented scientist, but morally compromised man.” ―Manjit Kumar”The book offers a valuable source of primary information about Everett’s life and work, with much material not available elsewhere, [and] fleshes out an important part of the quantum physics story.” ―Science News”Peter Byrne’s meticulously researched biography provides a detailed and intimate look at one of the most seminal figures in 20th century physics and mathematics … it is a remarkable and long-overdue biography.” ―Ian T. Durham, The Quantum Times”Offers a valuable source of primary information about Everetts life and work, with much material not available elsewhere … this book fleshes out an important part of the quantum physics story.” ―Tom Siegfried, ScienceNews”The many worlds theory is still garish after all these years. Nevertheless, it is fascinating to read the story of its creator, himself too obsessed with models to intersect effectively with the real world.” ―Robert P. Crease, Nature”Byrne does an excellent job of explaining the theory, why it is necessary and the difficulties it solves (and doesn’t). […] Byrne does not patronise his readers with superficial pen portraits of his characters. We get to know the characters by what they say and what they do. And they say and do some truly remarkable things. […] This is a strangely beautiful story, expertly told with the dignity, candour and attention to detail it deserves.” ―New Scientist”The effort Byrne has put in to understanding the man is impressive …” ―Robert Matthews, BBC Focus Magazine”In this biography, Peter Byrne bravely explores both the life and the science of Hugh Everett, the brilliant creator of the ‘many worlds’ concept who burned himself out at an early age. As Byrne makes clear, Everett’s startling achievements in physics stood against his startling deficiencies as a husband and father.” ―Kenneth W. Ford, retired director, American Institute of Physics”This book has the potential to become the definitive biography of one of the finest minds of the twentieth century.” ―David Deutsch FRS, Oxford University”In this extraordinarily personal biography, Peter Byrne masterfully conveys the life, struggles, achievements, and failures of this fascinating man, whose insights in physics created a new understanding of quantum mechanics, whose secret work helped usher us through the Cold War, and whose inner battles led to his own destruction.” ―A. Garrett Lisi, physicist, author of ‘An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything'”We are grateful to Peter Byrne for this remarkable and remarkably sad story of the life and science of Hugh Everett III. Gifted, but late-to-be-recognized, Everett, while still in his twenties, proposed a new, now somewhat fashionable, interpretation of the quantum theory―the often rediscovered and often misinterpreted, so called, many worlds theory. Byrne gives a lucid and accessible account of many aspects of what has been an extraordinarily puzzling question that has bedeviled the quantum theory since its origin. And he does this with a warts and all reconstruction of Everett’s life. An impressive achievement.” ―Leon N. Cooper, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1972″Peter Byrne has the skills of a seasoned journalist: an eye for a story, a knack for turning up improbable interviews and previously undiscovered manuscripts, and a thoroughly engaging style. His target here is inherently interesting, and the resulting story is a remarkable achievement.” ―Jeff Barrett, Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science; University of California, Irvine”This is an exciting book about a man who was ahead of his time by decades, although he did no more than logically apply a well-established theory against all prejudice. Peter Byrne has done an excellent job in unearthing documents, most of them unknown, about the history of Everett’s ideas, their reception by the leading physicists from 1957 until today, and the consequences this had for Everett’s life.” ―H. Dieter Zeh, University of Heidelberg About the Author Peter Byrne is an investigative reporter and science writer based in northern California. He has written for Scientific American, Mother Jones, Salon.com, SF Weekly, North Bay Bohemian, and many other magazines and newsweeklies. He has received national recognition for his investigative reporting, including from Investigative Editors & Reporters and Project Censored. He a member of the Foundational Questions Institute, which has supported this book with a large grant. He has made presentations on Everett at University of Oxford, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and University of California, Irvine. He consulted on (and appeared in) the BBC4 production about Everett, Parallel Worlds, Parallel Lives. He is curating the Everett papers.

Reviews from Amazon users which were colected at the time this book was published on the website:

⭐I’ve just finished this book and its one of the most enjoyable things I’ve read in a long time. Being a staple of science fiction and the only interpretation of quantum mechanics to enter the popular imagination it’s a little surprising that “The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett” by Peter Byrne is the first biography of the originator of that amazing idea. Everett certainly had an interesting life, he was a libertarian and a libertine, became a cold warrior who with his top secret clearance was comfortable with the idea of megadeath, became wealthy by started one of the first successful software companies until alcoholism drove him and his company into the ground. Everett died of heart failure in 1982 at the age of 51, he was legally drunk at the time. He requested that his body be cremated and his ashes thrown into the garbage. And so he was.Byrne had an advantage other potential biographers did not, the cooperation of his son Mark, a successful rock musician and composer whose music has been featured in such big budget movies as American Beauty, Hellboy, Yes Man, all three of the Shrek movies and many others. Mark gave Byrne full access to his garage which was full of his father’s papers that nobody had looked at in decades.Everett was an atheist all his life, after his death Paul Davies, who got 1,000,000 pounds for winning the Templeton religion prize, said that if true Many Worlds destroyed the anthropic argument for the existence of God. Everett would have been delighted. Nevertheless Everett ended up going to Catholic University of America near Washington DC. Although Byrne doesn’t tell us exactly what was in it, Everett as a freshman devised a logical proof against the existence of God. Apparently it was good enough that one of his pious professors became very upset and depressed with “ontological horror” when he read it. Everett liked the professor and felt so guilty he decided not to use it on a person of faith again. This story is very atypical of the man, most of the time Everett seems to care little for the feelings of others and although quite brilliant wasn’t exactly lovable.Everett wasn’t the only one dissatisfied with the Copenhagen Interpretation which insisted the measuring device had to be outside the wave function, but he was unlike other dissidents such as Bohm or Cramer in that Everett saw no need to add new terms to Schrodinger’s Equation and thought the equation meant exactly what it said. The only reason those extra terms were added was to try to rescue the single universe idea, and there was no experimental justification for that. Everett was unique in thinking that quantum mechanics gave a description of nature that was literally true.John Wheeler, Everett’s thesis advisor, made him cut out about half the stuff in his original 137 page thesis and tone down the language so it didn’t sound like he thought all those other universes were equally real when in fact he did. For example, Wheeler didn’t like the word “split” and was especially uncomfortable with talk of conscious observers splitting, most seriously he made him remove the entire chapter on information and probability which today many consider the best part of the work. His long thesis was not published until 1973, if that version had been published in 1957 instead of the truncated Bowdlerized version things would have been different; plenty of people would still have disagreed but he would not have been ignored for as long as he was.Byrne writes of Everett’s views: “the splitting of observers share an identity because they stem from a common ancestor, but they also embark on different fates in different universes. They experience different lifespans, dissimilar events (such as a nuclear war perhaps) and at some point are no longer the same person, even though they share certain memory records.” Everett says that when a observer splits it is meaningless to ask “which of the final observers corresponds to the initial one since each possess the total memory of the first” he says it is as foolish as asking which amoeba is the original after it splits into two. Wheeler made him remove all such talk of amebas from his published short thesis.Byrne says Everett did not think there were just an astronomically large number of other universes but rather an infinite number of them, not only that he thought there were a non-denumerable infinite number of other worlds. This means that the number of them was larger than the infinite set of integers, but Byrne does not make it clear if this means they are as numerous as the number of points on a line, or as numerous as an even larger infinite set like the set of all possible clock faces, or maybe an even larger infinity than that where easy to understand examples of that sort of mega-infinite magnitude are hard to come by. Neill Graham tried to reformulate the theory so you’d only need a countably infinite number of branches and Everett at first liked the idea but later rejected it and concluded you couldn’t derive probability by counting universes. Eventually even Graham seems to have agreed and abandoned the idea that the number of universes was so small you could count them.Taken as a whole Everett’s multiverse, where all things happen, probability is not a useful concept and everything is deterministic. However for observers like us trapped in a single branch of the multiverse, observers who do not have access to the entire wave function and all the information it contains but only a small sliver of it, probability is the best we can do. That probability we see is not part of the thing itself but is just a subjective measure of our ignorance.Infinity can cause problems in figuring out probability but Everett said his theory could calculate what the probability any event could be observed in any branch of the multiverse, and it turns out to be the Born Rule (discovered by Max Born, grandfather of Olivia Newton John) which means the probability of finding a particle at a point is the squaring of the amplitude of the Schrodinger Wave function at that point. The Born Rule has been shown experimentally to be true but the Copenhagen Interpretation just postulates it, Everett said he could derive it from his theory it “emerges naturally as a measure of probability for observers confined to a single branch (like our branch)”. He proved the mathematical consistency of this idea by adding up all the probabilities in all the branches of the event happening and getting exactly 100%. Dieter Zeh said Everett may not have rigorously derived the Born Rule but did justify it and showed it “as being the only reasonable choice for a probability measure if objective reality is represented by the universal wave function [Schrodinger’s wave equation]”. Rigorous proof or not that’s more than any other quantum interpretation has managed to do.Everett wrote to his friend Max Jammer:”None of these physicists had grasped what I consider to be the major accomplishment of the theory- the “rigorous” deduction of the probability interpretation of Quantum Mechanics from wave mechanics alone. This deduction is just as “rigorous” as any deductions of classical statistical mechanics. […] What is unique about the choice of measure and why it is forced upon one is that in both cases it is the only measure that satisfies the law of conservation of probability through the equations of motion. Thus logically in both classical statistical mechanics and in quantum mechanics, the only possible statistical statements depend upon the existence of a unique measure which obeys this conservation principle.”Nevertheless some complained that Everett did not use enough rigor in his derivation. David Deutsch has helped close that rigor gap. He showed that the number of Everett-worlds after a branching is proportional to the conventional probability density. He then used Game Theory to show that all these are all equally likely to be observed. Everett would likely have been delighted as he used Game Theory extensively in his other life as a cold warrior. Professor Deutsch gave one of the best quotations in the entire book, talking about many worlds as a interpretation of Quantum Mechanics “is like talking about dinosaurs as an interpretation of the fossil record”.Everett was disappointed at the poor reception his doctoral dissertation received and never published anything on quantum mechanics again for the rest of his life; instead he became a Dr. Strangelove type character making computer nuclear war games and doing grim operational research for the pentagon about armageddon. He was one of the first to point out that any defense against intercontinental ballistic missiles would be ineffectual and building an anti-balistic missile system could not be justified except for “political or psychological grounds”. Byrne makes the case that Everett was the first one to convince high military leaders through mathematics and no nonsense non sentimental reasoning that a nuclear war could not be won, “after an attack by either superpower on the other, the majority of the attacked population that survived the initial blasts would be sterilized and gradually succumb to leukemia. Livestock would die quickly and survivors would be forced to rely on eating grains potatoes and vegetables. Unfortunately the produce would be seething with radioactive Strontium 90 which seeps into human bone marrow and causes cancer”. Linus Pauling credited Evert by name and quoted from his pessimistic report in his Nobel acceptance speech for receiving the 1962 Nobel Peace prize.Despite his knowledge of the horrors of a nuclear war Everett, like most of his fellow cold warrior colleagues in the 50’s and 60’s, thought the probability of it happening was very high and would probably happen very soon. Byrne speculates in a footnote that Everett may have privately used anthropic reasoning and thought that the fact we live in a world where such a war has not happened (at least not yet) was more confirmation that his Many Worlds idea was right. Incidentally this is one of those rare books where the footnotes are almost as much fun to read as the main text.Hugh’s daughter Liz Everett killed herself a few years after her father’s death, in her suicide note she said “Funeral requests: I prefer no church stuff. Please burn be and DON’T FILE ME. Please sprinkle me in some nice body of water or the garbage, maybe that way I’ll end up in the correct parallel universe to meet up with Daddy”. And so she was. John K Clark

⭐Everett’s son Mark wrote in a Foreword to this 2010 book, “Growing up in my family once was odd enough. I had no desire to do it again. As a means of survival I decided I had to always be moving forward. I ran to California and made a new life for myself. After the deaths of my father, mother, and sister, I was left with the grizzly task of going back to the family house in Virginia and cleaning it out… I unceremoniously stacked box after box of my family’s past onto shelves … I knew the day was coming when the boxes would have to be opened… I still don’t relish going back to that world… I can smell death in the aid. I was sure those boxes held the same smell. Luckily Peter Byrne came along to smell those boxes for me. The boxes have now become this book… Peter managed to dig through the smell and bring the people buried in the boxes back to life… It’s been a great pleasure to have this new part-time job of helping my father get the attention he didn’t get while he was alive. I’ve learned to forgive him for his shortcomings as a father by identifying with him in some ways.”Author Peter Byrne wrote in the Introduction, “This is a book about anti-heroes. It’s about a tragically dysfunctional American family as reconstructed from intimate records and memories of the living. It’s about the technocratic mindset that waged the Cold War, bringing humanity to the brink of destruction under the banner of rationality… These three strands—quantum mechanics, computerized war gaming, and the fate of a small, nuclear family shaped during the Cold War—gradually weave together as we tell the story of a powerfully intelligent, but morally conflicted man who significantly affected our world.” (Pg. 8)He explains, “Everett showed that it is mathematically consistent to say that when a scientist measures the position of an atomic particle, he SPLITS into numerous copies of himself. Each copy resides in a different universe. And each copy sees the particle in a different position. The set of all copies covers the set of all possible particle positions inside a MULTIVERSE. According to Everett, each universe inside the multiverse is continually branching, like a tree, into separate but parallel worlds that cannot communicate with each other. Each parallel universe records a self-consistent history drawn from a range of physically possible histories. No one of these universes is any more or less real than another. Importantly, this does not mean that ANYTHING is possible: physical reality exercises certain constraints on what is probable.” (Pg. 5)He continues, “A consequence of the ‘many worlds’ logic is that there are universes in which dinosaurs survived and humans remained shrew-like; universes in which YOU win the state lottery every week; universes in which Wall Street does not exist and global resources are equally shared. Sure, it seems like an improbable idea, but the many worlds theory is widely recognized as a major contender for interpreting how quantum theory links to physical reality… And some scientists claim that recent discoveries made by satellites mapping the microwave residue of the Big Bang might be evidence validating Everett’s theory!… Whether you believe it or not, understanding the argument of Everett’s many worlds model is of central importance to any attempt to rationalize the mysteries of the quantum world.” (Pg. 5-6)He summarizes, “This is a book about anti-heroes. It’s about a tragically dysfunctional American family as reconstructed from intimate records and memories of the living. It’s about the technocratic mindset that waged the Cold War, bringing humanity to the brink of destruction under the banner of rationality. It’s about the seemingly intractable problem of modeling and understanding a complex system from within that same system—be that a quantum system of multiple universes, or a political system composed of mirrored superpowers facing off with hydrogen bombs, or a sad and confused family stumbling toward destruction while surrounded by socio-economic privilege. These three strands—quantum mechanics, computerized war gaming, and the fate of a small, nuclear family shaped during the Cold War—gradually weave together as we tell the story of a powerfully intelligent, but morally conflicted man who significantly affected our world.” (Pg. 8)Later, he says, “The existential proof of any theory, said Everett, is that the world appears as it appears. Reality itself is the verification of the theory, because it is impossible to sense self-splitting, or the existence of multiple universes.” (Pg. 174) He continues, “When Everett’s paper appeared … it included ‘splitting’ in a footnote! He had inserted it when he proofed the galleys: ‘…some correspondents have raised the question of the “transition from possible to actual,” arguing that in “reality” there is—as our experience testifies—no such splitting of observer states, so that only one branch can ever actually exist… the following is offered as an explanation. The whole issue of the transition from “possible” to “actual” it taken care of in the theory in a very simple way—there is no such transition, nor is any such transition necessary for the theory to be in accord with our experience. From the viewpoint of the theory all elements of a superposition (all “branches”) are “actual,” none any more “real” than the rest. It is unnecessary to suppose that all but one are somehow destroyed… This total lack of effect of any one branch on another also implies that no observer will ever be aware of any “splitting” process.’” (Pg. 177)In 1961, Everett attended a Conference on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, and was interviewed by a panel. Wendell Furry, one of the interviewers, made this statement to Everett: “To me, the hard thing about it is that one must picture the world, oneself, and everybody else as consisting not in just a countable number of copies but somehow or another in an undenumerable number of copies, and at this my imagination balks. I can think of various alternative Furrys doing different things, but I cannot think of a non-denumerable number of alternative Furrys.” (Pg. 255)Byrne points out near the end of the book, “The burning question is: are the Everett worlds real? For… their supporters, yes, according to quantum mechanics. They have yet to convince the world, but Saunders makes the excellent point that nothing similar to their logical arguments has been made for sustaining a one-world realist interpretation of quantum mechanics—or any one-world realist theory of probability, for that matter. The idea that indeterminism rules the quantum world in one-world theories rests on familiarity and tradition, rather than an understanding of what physical chance really is…” (PG. 382)Although I was most interested in Everett’s “many worlds” ideas, Byrne’s book also looks unflinchingly at Everett’s many faults, and provides interesting insights into the psychology of those involved in our defense preparations during the Cold War (peace advocates may be appalled that such a flawed man was in such a position of influence!). This excellent-written book will be of keen interest to a diverse variety of readers.

⭐Time to demystify the enigma that is HEIII. In many universes, I bought it because a friend sent me an article on the multiverse and I found within it reference to his troubled yet gifted son Mark Oliver, known to indie fans as ‘E’ or the front man of the Eels and from there I discovered the excellent BBC documentary Parallel Worlds, Parallel Lives, in which Mark, armed only with Year 9 math (sic) struggled to come to terms the significance of his father’s breakthrough work. You could sense the admiration spilling out in Max Tegmark’s transferred awe. A sublime moment for there had been little affection between father and son, who indeed had never touched his father until rigor mortis had set in. The same could be said for the vignette in which salivating author Peter Byrne turned up to go through the untouched papers and tapes in Mark’s basement – including one of the very few recordings of Hugh, which also included the neglected Mark thrashing away at his drums in the background.From there, a search on Amazon took me to the book, which as a reasonably well-read man I can say will remain amongst my favourites. Well-informed, passionate yet controlled, with an emphasis on narrative. No equations but the maths itself was relatively simple. It was the philosophy of the work that mattered, taking the Schrodinger equation seriously to apply at all times and thus making the observer part of the formal system, leading (me) the conclusion that under Occam’s Razor, the most elegant interpretation is of splitting universes and leaving the Copenhagen Interpretation as so much contrived gobbledegook. Yet its main proponent, Nils Bohr, was Everett’s mentor’s own mentor. Wheeler, stuck in the middle, a natural politician, supported Everett because it underpinned his own work on quantum gravity but didn’t want to offend Bohr. Everett himself was an iconoclast but Wheeler later distanced himself from his charge and forced him to submit a watered down version of the thesis. Everett was disgusted and sold his soul to the Cold War military machine, to make and squander a fortune. A philandering libertarian, if not libertine, he would often fall asleep drunk on the sofa, to wake up at night and knock out a stream of brilliant war-game code. Byrne’s passion for the subject comes across in both his style and the depth of his meticulous research. Factor in the death of Everett’s first wife and the suicide of his daughter, then you have a poignant life-is-stranger-than fiction story of a flawed genius playing Dr Stranglelove whilst the world catches up with his genius and significance, which thankfully it did in his lifetime. Most touchingly, the same vignette, from Byrnes’s perspective, appears in the book, capturing the moment Mark hears his dad’s voice, and his own nascent musicality. Right, now in how many universes are you not going to buy this book :)?

⭐This is a good book, weaving between three themes: Everett’s thesis on the ‘Many Worlds Interpretation’; his career as a cold-war nuclear strategist for the Pentagon; and his curiously unconventional personal life (swinger, incipient alcoholic, heavy smoker, womaniser, cynic, libertarian, genius).The ‘Many-Worlds’ work was his proudest achievement, although he never published a word on quantum mechanics after his thesis paper. The physics establishment ignored the concept for two decades, while individuals around Bohr were poisonously hostile.The historical treatment works well, showing how the controversies reflected ongoing preoccupations and progress in the community. Cosmology, quantum gravity and decoherence were later catalysts for renewed interest, as was quantum computing (David Deutsch a key visionary here).Everett’s ideas were continually misunderstood, often wilfully. His concept of ‘splitting universes’ whenever a ‘measurement’ is made is actually a topological statement that the universe (multiverse) is a network (not a tree, which would fail time-reversibility) consisting of a non-denumerable infinity of evolving universes, each like our presently observed one, linked by ‘measuring events’.Three major issues continue to puzzle researchers. Everett believed he had derived the Born probability rule from his topology: many physicists disagree. The dispute seems highly technical.Then there is the problem of the ‘preferred basis’, which reflects that the concept of superposition is itself basis-dependent, so that the act of splitting seems both arbitrary and non-consistent from point to point on the multiverse network (Everett thought this a non-issue as the act of measurement itself presupposes a basis).Finally, and a point not brought out by the book, the state vector evolves (via the Schrödinger equation) in Hilbert space, not our familiar four-dimensional spacetime. Yet the Everettian multiverse seems to be a network of spacetime universes. How do we get from the ontology of Hilbert space to that of ordinary spacetime? This seems to be an active research question.Peter Byrne’s book has the usual problems of pop-sci. It’s conceptually too remote for a purely lay reader while too imprecise for someone who knows some quantum mechanics (the failure to differentiate spacetime and configuration space, for example).There are the odd errors of authorial comprehension – Byrne does not appear to understand computer science and his explanation of the Halting Problem is just wrong.Finally, it’s hard to write about the people doing the math and computer simulations for thermonuclear warfare, optimal counterforce strategies and assured destruction without taking some moral stance – but it’s just parochial judging those guys, including Everett, from the ‘superior’ standpoint of an impeccable pacifistic-liberal. Biting the hand that fed you, methinks.If you want to get a handle on the strange birth and tortuous development of the MWI, you couldn’t do better than read this book. And as a bonus you get a voyeuristic tour of scarily-dysfunctional Everettian family life as well.

⭐This covers the strange life of Everett very well, and does a fair job of resenting very difficult concepts to lay readers (given that even Feynman said he didn’t understand them). The description of cold-war nuclear strategy is chilling. I recommend reading this book if only to learn about that.

⭐Well and thoughtfully written. The man, his ideas, the family and personal falllout. But very strong on the ideas. And insights into the darker aspects of the Groves of Academe.

⭐Interesting book about a brilliant man

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