Conceptual Revolutions by Paul Thagard (PDF)

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In this path-breaking work, Paul Thagard draws on the history and philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and the field of artificial intelligence to develop a theory of conceptual change capable of accounting for all major scientific revolutions. The history of science contains dramatic episodes of revolutionary change in which whole systems of concepts have been replaced by new systems. Thagard provides a new and comprehensive perspective on the transformation of scientific conceptual systems. Thagard examines the Copernican and the Darwinian revolutions and the emergence of Newton’s mechanics, Lavoisier’s oxygen theory, Einstein’s theory of relativity, quantum theory, and the geological theory of plate tectonics. He discusses the psychological mechanisms by which new concepts and links between them are formed, and advances a computational theory of explanatory coherence to show how new theories can be judged to be superior to previous ones.

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⭐Conceptual Revolutions uses easy-to-follow computer-based models to demonstrate the cognitive mechanisms of the process of what seems most occult and irrational in Kuhn’s model of paradigm conversion. Explains complex networks and hierarchies of concepts, mental structures, and conceptual systems, and how conceptual systems develop so that a new conceptual system eventually provides greater explanatory coherence than the previous conceptual system. Covers conceptual hierarchy transformation and how concepts are recombined, added into, and deleted from large-scale conceptual systems. Brings Kuhn’s theory to completion, resulting in a fully powerful way of thinking about conceptual revolution in any domain, thus intellectual conversion in general.

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